Auditory-based navigation: attentional shifts rapidly modulate hippocampal codes

基于听觉的导航：注意力转移快速调节海马代码

基本信息

批准号：
10592267
负责人：
CYNTHIA F MOSS
金额：
$ 44.44万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10592267
关键词：
3-Dimensional Acoustics Aging Alzheimer&apos s Disease Animal Experimentation Animal Model Animals Attention Auditory Behavior Birds Brain Brain region Callithrix Canes Cells Chiroptera Clinical Code Cognitive Complex Echolocation Environment Epilepsy Exhibits Flying body movement Food Foundations Functional disorder Future Health Hippocampus Home Human Impairment Knowledge Link Location Major Depressive Disorder Mammals Maps Measurement Measures Medical Medical Device Memory Mental disorders Monitor Multimedia Neurobiology Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurologic Deficit Neurons Neurosciences Parkinson Disease Patient Monitoring Positioning Attribute Research Rewards Rodent Schizophrenia Signal Transduction Speed Structure Symptoms System Technology Testing Tongue Training Programs Travel Work active control attentional modulation blind design directed attention experimental study fly gaze innovation insight light weight meter millisecond miniaturize miniaturized device nervous system disorder neural new technology novel place fields social sonar sound spatial memory way finding wireless wireless electronic

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract The hippocampus, a brain structure implicated in spatial memory and navigation, show changes in the course of aging, mental illnesses, neurological disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Hippocampal dysfunctions give rise to diverse clinical symptoms, many of which are tied to impairments in attention and navigation. In healthy subjects, spatial attention and navigation are tightly linked, because mapping the environment requires attention to one’s surroundings. Furthermore, while navigating, humans and other animals switch attention between two complementary coordinate systems: a world-centered reference frame for monitoring absolute position, and an egocentric reference frame for monitoring relative position with respect to obstacles, conspecifics, and targets. Little is known about neural dynamics that underlie the rapid shifts in attention that accompany switches between these reference frames—primarily because reliable indicators of spatial attention are lacking in standard animal models. The proposed research bridges this gap by exploiting the bat, a mammal that actively controls its echolocation signals to attend to objects while navigating—similar to many blind humans who use echoes from self-produced sounds (tongue clicks and cane tapping) to localize objects and navigate indoors and outdoors. Both bats and human blind echolocators attend to objects using their sonar, generating an ‘acoustic flashlight’—which provides a direct metric of their moment-to-moment spatial attention. The proposed experiments will track overt spatial attentional shifts while wirelessly recording hippocampal neurons to study attentional effects on neural activity. The hypothesis to be tested is that overt spatial attention rapidly modulates hippocampal spatial codes, by sharpening spatial representation and by switching hippocampal coding between world-centered and egocentric coordinate frames. To do so, animals will navigate under two conditions: (1) a stationary and predictable environment where animals direct attention to fixed objects, and where attentional demands are relatively low; and (2) an unpredictable environment with moving conspecifics and targets, where attentional demands are high and animals shift attention rapidly to inspect dynamic objects. These predictable and unpredictable conditions will be studied in two different experimental setups: a three-dimensional multimedia test room where animals navigate slowly, and a 200- meter, one-dimensional tunnel where animals travel at high speeds. Because echolocation provides a powerful explicit indicator of overt spatial attention, this research will yield transformative insights into attention-driven hippocampal dynamics during naturalistic behavior. The findings will offer new insights into neurological deficits in spatial navigation and memory, yield technological advances in the design of lightweight, miniaturized assistive medical devices used to monitor patient health, and will shed new light on the neural basis of auditory attention and auditory-based navigation in blind humans.

项目摘要/摘要海马是一种在空间内存和导航中实现的大脑结构，显示了课程的变化衰老，精神疾病，神经系统疾病和神经退行性疾病。海马功能障碍引起潜水员的临床症状，其中许多与注意力和导航的损害有关。在健康的受试者，空间注意力和导航紧密相连，因为映射环境需要注意周围环境。此外，在航行时，人类和其他动物转移了注意力在两个完整的坐标系之间：以世界为中心的参考框架，用于监视绝对位置，以及以障碍相对位置监测相对位置的自我中心参考框架同种和目标。关于神经动力学知之甚少涉及这些参考帧之间的切换 - 主要是因为空间的可靠指标标准动物模型缺乏注意力。拟议的研究通过利用蝙蝠来弥合这一差距一种积极控制其回声定位信号以在导航时参与对象的哺乳动物 - 类似于许多盲人使用自我产生的声音（舌头点击和轻拍拐杖）的回声来定位对象并在室内和室外浏览。蝙蝠和人类盲目的回声器都使用其物体声纳，产生“声学手电筒”，这是直接的瞬间空间指标注意力。提出的实验将跟踪明显的空间注意力转移，而无线记录海马神经元研究对神经元活性的注意影响。要检验的假设是公开空间注意力通过锐化空间表示和通过在以世界为中心和以自我为中心的坐标框架之间切换海马编码。为此，动物将在两个条件下导航：（1）动物直接注意的固定且可预测的环境固定物体以及注意力需求相对较低；（2）一个不可预测的环境移动概念和目标，注意力需求很高，动物迅速将注意力转移到检查动态对象。这些可预测和不可预测的条件将在两个不同的实验设置：三维多媒体测试室，动物缓慢导航，一个200- 仪表，一维隧道，动物以高速行驶。因为回声定位提供了强大的明确指标明显的空间注意力，这项研究将产生转化性的见解自然主义行为期间的海马动力学。这些发现将为神经缺陷提供新的见解在空间导航和记忆中，在轻巧的设计方面产生技术进步，微型化用于监测患者健康的辅助医疗设备，并将为听觉的神经基础提供新的启示注意和基于听觉的盲人导航。