Urban planning, siting of air pollution sources, and asthma disparities

城市规划、空气污染源选址和哮喘差异

• 批准号: 10567693
• 负责人: Elizabeth C. Matsui
• 金额: $ 58.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-27 至 2027-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10567693
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Air; Air Pollution; Asthma; Black Populations; Black race; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Childhood Asthma; Cities; Communities; County; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Disparity; Emergency department visit; Ethnic Origin; Exposure to; Face; Fostering; Green space; Hazardous Waste; Health; Healthcare; Home; Individual; Inequity; Intervention; Latinx; Latinx population; Link; Location; Lung; Lung diseases; Measures; Minority; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pattern; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Power Plants; Pulmonary Inflammation; Race; Regulation; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Source; Testing; Texas; Work; design; environmental disparity; environmental health disparity; environmental justice; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority; evidence base; experience; fine particles; health disparity; hospitalization rates; lung health; minority communities; neighborhood disadvantage; novel strategies; pulmonary function; racial disparity; racial minority; segregation; sociodemographics; socioeconomic disadvantage; success; urban planning

PROJECT SUMMARY Racial and ethnic minority communities experience poorer outdoor air quality and face greater burdens of lung disease, particularly from asthma. The close proximity of minority neighborhoods to both fixed and mobile air pollution sources combined with the disproportionate burden of asthma morbidity among these populations supports the overarching hypothesis that racial and ethnic disparities in asthma are caused by urban planning policies that result in exposure to more toxic sources of air pollution (AP). We propose the following Specific Aims to test this hypothesis: 1) To characterize AP sources, estimate AP concentrations, and examine their associations with neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics across the State of Texas. 2) To identify the AP sources that contribute to racial and ethnic childhood asthma disparities. 3) To explore the effects of zoning and gentrification on the distribution of AP sources across neighborhoods in Travis County. Evidence supporting this hypothesis would constitute a major advance by (1) identifying AP sources that contribute directly to childhood lung health disparities and (2) linking urban planning decisions to inequities in the location of AP sources. The proposed work would fill a critical evidence gap needed to develop new approaches to AP regulation and urban planning, which would be strongly positioned to meaningfully reduce lung health health disparities.

项目摘要 种族和少数民族社区的室外空气质量较差，面临更大的肺部负担 疾病，尤其是哮喘。少数民族居民区与固定和移动的空中交通都很近 污染源加上这些人群中哮喘发病率的不成比例的负担 支持了一个总体假设，即哮喘的种族和民族差异是由城市造成的， 规划政策，导致暴露于更有毒的空气污染源（美联社）。我们建议 以下具体目标来检验这一假设：1）表征AP源，估计AP浓度， 检查他们与德克萨斯州社区社会人口特征的关联。（二） 确定导致不同种族和民族儿童哮喘差异的AP来源。3)探讨 分区和中产阶级化对特拉维斯县各社区AP源分布的影响。 支持这一假设的证据将构成一个重大进展，即（1）确定AP来源， 直接导致儿童肺部健康差异;（2）将城市规划决策与以下方面的不平等联系起来： AP源的位置。拟议的工作将填补一个关键的证据缺口，需要开发新的 亚太监管和城市规划的方法，这将有力地减少有意义的 肺健康的健康差距。