Use and Impact of Quantitative Information in Tobacco Risk Communications

项目概要/摘要 2019年，每100名18岁或以上的美国成年人中有近14人（14.0%）目前吸烟。电流 烟草使用风险沟通的策略包括使用定量信息来解释以下可能性： 将发生使用产品的后果（以防止开始/鼓励停止）或解释减少 换产品或戒烟时的风险。虽然增加计算能力（理解数字的能力）， 信息）可以增加健康的行为，但关于计算能力如何影响健康的研究存在一个关键障碍。 与烟草使用的风险理解和决策有关。也有一个差距，关于如何这 关系因人口因素而异。我的总体项目目标是研究 计算能力、风险认知、烟草产品使用、戒烟和产品转换。这些发现将提供 为具有不同算术水平的个人量身定制风险沟通的证据。在F99阶段，我们 将分析横截面和纵向数据，以确定是否有关联， 计算能力、风险理解和烟草使用行为，如果这些关联因人口统计学而异， 因素我们将利用这些发现来确定公共卫生运动应该针对谁以及如何针对谁 风险必须沟通。在K 00阶段，我们的目标是发现、捍卫、实施、评估和修改公共 宣传风险信息的卫生运动战略。风险沟通将针对 具有不同算术水平的亚群。计算能力、风险感知和烟草相关行为 预期存在相关性，为针对亚群的定制风险沟通提供证据 不同的算术。通过确定人口中哪些部分的计算能力较低（F99阶段）， 可以针对这些特定的亚组开展量身定制的教育活动， 数字水平适当的方式（K 00阶段）。这个项目将使用客观和主观的算术 措施，不同类型的风险感知措施，并将在熟悉的（例如，肺癌）和不太熟悉 (e.g.,膀胱癌）与烟草有关的健康风险。我们将分析来自全国代表性数据集的数据 (The烟草与健康人口评估，健康信息全国趋势调查 （HINTS）和成人能力国际评估计划（PIAAC）），其中包括 人口统计学、烟草使用、风险认知和算术测量。拟议的研究将探讨 烟草相关疾病的计算能力和风险认知，并将通过以下方式增加这一领域的现有文献 重点关注其与特定烟草相关健康行为的关系：使用，戒烟和产品转换。 这项研究将通过探索如何最好地降低烟草产品的风险来推进癌症预防领域。 传达给需要它的群体。这些沟通将鼓励健康的行为， 烟草相关疾病的后果（如癌症）。调查结果将有助于告知谁应该成为目标， 公共卫生运动，如何传播风险，以及这些运动是否有效。

Project Summary/Abstract In 2019, nearly 14 of every 100 U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (14.0%) currently smoked cigarettes. Current strategies of tobacco use risk communication include using quantitative information to explain the likelihood that a consequenceof using aproduct will occur (to prevent initiation/encourage cessation) or to explain the reduction of risk when switching products or quitting. Although increasing numeracy (the ability to comprehend numerical information) can increase healthy behaviors, there is a critical barrier in research regarding how numeracy is related to risk understanding and decision-making around tobacco use. There is also a gap regarding how this relationship differs by demographic factors. My overall project goal is to examine the interrelationships among numeracy, risk perception, tobacco product use, cessation, and product switching. These findings will provide evidence for tailored risk communications for individuals with differing numeracy levels. In the F99 phase, we will analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal data to determine whether or not there are associations among numeracy, risk comprehension, and tobacco use behaviors, and if these associations differ by demographic factors. We will use these findings to determine who should be targeted with public health campaigns and how risk should be communicated. In the K00 phase, we aim to find, defend, implement, evaluate, and modify public health campaign strategies to disseminate risk information. Risk communication will be tailored for subpopulations with differing numeracy levels. Numeracy, risk perception, and tobacco-related behaviors are expected to be associated, providing evidence for tailored risk communication for subpopulations with differing numeracy. By identifying which segments of the population have low numeracy (F99 phase), these specific subgroups can be targeted with tailored educational campaigns that communicate risk in a numeracy-level appropriate manner (K00 phase). This project will use both objective and subjective numeracy measures, different types of risk perceptionmeasures, and will look at familiar (e.g., lung cancer) and less familiar (e.g., bladder cancer) tobacco-related health risks. We will analyze data from nationally representative data sets (The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH), the Health information National Trends Survey (HINTS), and the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)) which contain demographic, tobacco use, risk perception, and numeracy measures. The proposed studies will explore numeracy and risk perception of tobacco-related diseases and will add to current literature in this area by focusing on its relationship with specific tobacco-related health behaviors: use, cessation, and product switching. This research will advance the field of cancer prevention by exploring how tobacco product risk can best be communicated to groups that need it. These communications will encourage healthy behaviors and decrease tobacco-related disease outcomes (such as cancer). The findings will help to inform who should be targeted with public health campaigns, how risk should be communicated, and whether these campaigns are efficient.