ELECTRIC FIELD SENSITIVITY OF YEAST H+

拟议的研究旨在调查相互作用 低频交流电场和膜蛋白之间的关系。基本 这种方法将涉及测量质子催化的反应速率 ATP酶作为场的频率和振幅的函数。我们将 使用非常宽的频率和振幅范围， 在中等磁场（1-10 V/cm）和弱磁场下观察到的效应之间存在联系 场（1-100 mV/cm）。由于我们的实验将在 囊泡，而不是更大的哺乳动物细胞，相应的领域 预期在人体组织中引起类似影响的药物要小得多， 这项工作直接关系到理解 电力线或家用电器领域（10（-6）-10（-3）V/m）。 实验将在许多不同的条件下进行， 以测试场蛋白相互作用的假设机制。一些 这些包括电-构象耦合、电-构象耦合的影响。 极化的双电层，和场诱导的变化，离子 浓度在双层。我们导出了一个一般表达式 对于对弱磁场的响应的场和振幅依赖性， 振荡场这可以被描述为洛伦兹曲线的总和， 其中振幅取决于所施加的场强的平方。 这些振幅对实验条件的依赖性为 不同的机制。因此，通过测量这些振幅， 不同的条件下，我们可以区分不同的机制。 我们研究中使用的酶将是来自酵母的H+ ATP酶，因为它是 从我们的合作者那里很容易获得纯化的形式，因为 有证据表明这种酶具有很强的膜电位依赖性。 因此，实验成功的可能性很大。初始 实验中，我们将使用酶在质膜从馏分与 非常高的比活性。稍后，我们将使用纯化的酶 在磷脂双层囊泡中重构。

The proposed research is targeted towards investigating the interactions between low frequency AC electric fields and membrane proteins. The basic approach will involve measuring the rate of reactions catalyzed by proton ATPase as a function of the frequency and amplitude of the field. We will use a very broad range of frequencies and amplitudes in order to establish a connection between effects seen at moderate fields (1-10 V/cm) and weak fields (1-100 mV/cm). Since our experiments will be carried out on vesicles rather than much larger mammalian cells, the corresponding fields anticipated to cause similar effects in human tissue are much smaller, so this work is directly relevant to understanding possible effects of powerline or household appliance fields (10(-6)-10(-3) V/m). The experiments will be carried out at many different conditions in order to test postulated mechanisms for the field-protein interactions. Some of these include electro-conformational coupling, effects of electric polarization of the double layer, and field inducted changes in ionic concentration in the double layer. We have derived a general expression for the field and amplitude dependence of the response to a weak oscillating field. This can be described as a sum of Lorenzian curves, where the amplitudes depend on the square of the applied field strength. The dependence of these amplitudes on the experimental conditions is different for different mechanisms. Thus, by measuring these amplitudes at different conditions we can distinguish between different mechanisms. The enzyme used in our study will be the H+ATPase from yeast because it is readily available in purified form from our collaborator, and because much evidence suggests a strong membrane potential dependence for this enzyme. Thus, there is a very good likelihood of experimental success. In initial experiments we will use enzyme in plasma membranes from fractions with very high specific activity. Later, we will use purified enzyme reconstituted in phospholipid bilayer vesicles.