RELATIVE HEALTH RISKS OF DIESEL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS

重型柴油机在地下矿井中的广泛使用， 对可能对健康产生的不利影响表示关切， 矿工暴露在柴油废气中。 特别值得关注的是， 柴油机颗粒物（diesel particulate matter，简称PM）含有致突变和致癌物质 有机化合物 可能暴露于汽相柴油排放物， 一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化氮（NO2）和致突变性， 致癌化合物也引起了一些关注。 各种发射 已经开发了用于减少二氧化碳排放的控制措施， 特别的。 本研究项目的长期目标是 评估几种废气排放控制系统对 拟用于以下用途的柴油机排放物的化学和致突变特性 评估相对的健康风险。 本研究项目的具体目标是：1）收集 地下矿井实验室测试的蒸汽和汽相材料 在稳态和瞬态条件下运行的柴油发动机， 没有排放控制装置和燃料添加剂; 2）提取和 与水和蒸汽相关的有机材料的定量 阶段样品; 3）确定与这些样品相关的致突变性 使用艾姆斯试验对浸提液进行定量; 4）对关键致突变性进行定量， 提取物中的致癌多环芳烃（PAH）;以及 5)确定最有影响的发动机运行条件 以排除致突变性和关键多环芳烃的含量 如果可能的话，在我的 环境空气样本将被收集，而相同的排放控制 使用这些设备是为了评估 控制柴油排放，改善矿井空气质量。 各种典型的矿用柴油发动机将进行测试， 排放装置，如干式排气调节器， 未催化的陶瓷捕集器和燃料添加剂。 有机提取物 将分析来自气相和气相样品的材料。 八 已知存在于柴油机废气中的致突变和致癌PAH将 通过气相色谱法（GC）和GC/质谱法进行定量 技术. 气相和气相有机物的致突变反应 将使用艾姆斯沙门氏菌测定浸提液 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌/微粒体致突变性生物测定。 本研究沿着的化学和致突变性数据 其他排放数据，如二氧化碳、一氧化碳和二氧化氮，将被转换为估计值。 矿内浓度 这些数据将用于评估 每台受试发动机上每种废气排放控制系统的相对影响 在地下矿井的潜在健康危害方面。

The extensive use of heavy-duty diesel engines in underground mines has raised concerns about the potential adverse health effects arising from exposure of miners to diesel exhaust. Of particular concern is exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) which contains mutagenic and carcinogenic organic compounds. Potential exposure to vapor phase diesel emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds is also of some concern. A variety of emission controls have been developed for use in reducing DPM emissions, in particular. The long-term objective of this research project is to evaluate the effects of several DPM emission control systems on the chemical and mutagenic character of emissions from diesels intended for in- mine use to assess relative health risks. The specific aims of this proposed research project are the: 1) collection of DPM and vapor phase material from laboratory tests of underground mine diesel engines operated in steady-state and transient conditions, with and without emission control devices and fuel additives; 2) extraction and quantitation of the organic material associated with the DPM and vapor phase samples; 3) determination of the mutagenicity associated with these extracts using the Ames assay; 4) quantitation of key mutagenic and carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the extracts; and 5) determination of the engine operating conditions which most contribute to exhaust mutagenicity and levels of key PAH. If possible, in-mine ambient air samples will be collected while the same emission control devices are in use in order to assess actual contributions of the controlled diesel emissions to in-mine air quality. A variety of typical mining diesel engines will be tested using DPM emission devices such as dry exhaust conditioners with and without uncatalyzed ceramic traps and fuel additives. Extracts of the organic material from both DPM and vapor phase samples will be analyzed. Eight mutagenic and carcinogenic PAH known to be present in diesel exhaust will be quantitated by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry techniques. The mutagenic response of the DPM and vapor phase organic extracts will be determined using the Ames Salmonella typhimurium/microsomal mutagenicity bioassay. The chemical and mutagenicity data obtained from this study along with other emission data such as DPM, CO, and NO2 will be converted to estimated in-mine concentrations. These data will then be used to assess the relative effect of each DPM emission control system on each engine tested in terms of contribution to potential health hazards in underground mines.