RELATIVE HEALTH RISKS OF DIESEL EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS

重型柴油发动机在地下矿山的广泛使用已经 对以下物质可能对健康造成的不利影响表示关注 矿工暴露在柴油废气中。特别令人担忧的是暴露在 含有致突变和致癌物质的柴油颗粒物(DPM) 有机化合物。可能接触到汽相柴油排放，如 如一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO2)和致突变物质 致癌化合物也是一些令人担忧的问题。各种排放物 已经开发了用于减少DPM排放的控制措施， 很特别。这项研究项目的长期目标是 评估几种DPM排放控制系统对 车用柴油机排放的化学和致突变特性 地雷被用来评估相对健康风险。 本研究计划的具体目的是：1)收集 地下矿山实验室测试中的DPM和气相物质 柴油发动机在稳态和过渡状态下运行，具有和 没有排放控制装置和燃料添加剂；2)提取和 与DPM和蒸汽有关的有机物质的定量 相样品；3)与这些样品相关的致突变性的测定 使用Ames试验的提取物；4)关键诱变剂和 提取物中含有致癌的多环芳烃；以及 5)确定对发动机影响最大的工作条件 以耗尽诱变性和关键的多环芳烃水平。如果可能的话，在我的 环境空气样本将在相同的排放控制下采集 设备的使用是为了评估 控制柴油排放对矿井空气质量的影响。 各种典型的矿用柴油发动机将使用DPM进行测试 排放装置，如带和不带的干式排气调整器 非催化陶瓷捕集器和燃料添加剂。有机植物精华 将对来自DPM和汽相样品的材料进行分析。八 已知柴油废气中存在致突变和致癌的多环芳烃 用气相色谱(GC)和气质联用(GC/MS)进行定量 技巧。DPM和气相有机化合物的诱变反应 提取物将使用Ames沙门氏菌进行测定 小鼠/微粒体致突变性生物测定。 从这项研究中获得的化学和诱变性数据以及 其他排放数据，如DPM、CO和NO2，将转换为估计 矿内浓度。然后，这些数据将用于评估 每种DPM排放控制系统对每台受试发动机的相对影响 在对地下矿山潜在健康危害的贡献方面。

The extensive use of heavy-duty diesel engines in underground mines has raised concerns about the potential adverse health effects arising from exposure of miners to diesel exhaust. Of particular concern is exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) which contains mutagenic and carcinogenic organic compounds. Potential exposure to vapor phase diesel emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds is also of some concern. A variety of emission controls have been developed for use in reducing DPM emissions, in particular. The long-term objective of this research project is to evaluate the effects of several DPM emission control systems on the chemical and mutagenic character of emissions from diesels intended for in- mine use to assess relative health risks. The specific aims of this proposed research project are the: 1) collection of DPM and vapor phase material from laboratory tests of underground mine diesel engines operated in steady-state and transient conditions, with and without emission control devices and fuel additives; 2) extraction and quantitation of the organic material associated with the DPM and vapor phase samples; 3) determination of the mutagenicity associated with these extracts using the Ames assay; 4) quantitation of key mutagenic and carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the extracts; and 5) determination of the engine operating conditions which most contribute to exhaust mutagenicity and levels of key PAH. If possible, in-mine ambient air samples will be collected while the same emission control devices are in use in order to assess actual contributions of the controlled diesel emissions to in-mine air quality. A variety of typical mining diesel engines will be tested using DPM emission devices such as dry exhaust conditioners with and without uncatalyzed ceramic traps and fuel additives. Extracts of the organic material from both DPM and vapor phase samples will be analyzed. Eight mutagenic and carcinogenic PAH known to be present in diesel exhaust will be quantitated by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry techniques. The mutagenic response of the DPM and vapor phase organic extracts will be determined using the Ames Salmonella typhimurium/microsomal mutagenicity bioassay. The chemical and mutagenicity data obtained from this study along with other emission data such as DPM, CO, and NO2 will be converted to estimated in-mine concentrations. These data will then be used to assess the relative effect of each DPM emission control system on each engine tested in terms of contribution to potential health hazards in underground mines.