HEARING HAZARD ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIAL NOISE EXPOSURE

与工业噪声暴露相关的听力危害

• 批准号: 3420543
• 负责人: Roger P Hamernik
• 金额: $ 19.13万
• 依托单位: PLATTSBURGH STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-08-01 至 1990-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3420543
• 关键词: biological models; chinchilla; environmental stressor; hearing disorders; loudness; noise biological effect; noise induced deafness; noise pollution; occupational hazard; vibration perception

Many industrial noise environments are characterized by high levels of impact noise which are invariably superimposed on a continuous background noise which itself is very "peaked" (high kurtosis), i.e., has a non-Gaussian distribution of amplitudes. The limited demographic data available show that such environments pose an unusually high risk of hearing loss with prolonged or repeated exposures. Our laboratory results from animals exposed to idealized combinations of continuous and impact noise agree with the demographic data in showing an exacerbation of hearing loss following exposures to such a noise combination. There is a general consensus that we do not, as yet, have an adequate descriptor or measure of complex acoustic environments which can be used for the purpose of evaluating the risk to hearing and establishing exposure standards. The hearing hazards from complex noise environments will be studied using the chinchilla as an animal model. Industrial noise environments will be modeled in two totally different ways: (1) by producing idealized combinations of a specified band on continuous noise to which a discrete series of impact noises is added. By studying the effects of parameter variations on the hearing of experimental animals we can learn something of the limits of the interaction between these two classes of noise. While we are currently pursuing this approach, and propose a limited extension of these studies, the approach has practical limitations. (2) by digitally generating a continuous noise within which the impulsiveness (kurtosis) can be closely controlled. We will also be able to control from which part of the audible spectrum the energy for the impulsive peaks arises. This approach will yield the most realistic modeling and holds the greatest promise for producing an index by which to gauge the hazards posed by virtually any industrial noise environment. We propose to synthesize such noise and expose groups of animals to these synthesized noise conditions. The kurtosis (B2), spectral variables and level will be systemically varied. Hearing trauma will be assessed in terms of audibility changes (thresholds and tuning curves) measured using the evoked auditory response, and sensory cell losses in the cochlea. We will test the hypothesis that a high B2 noise exposure is more hazardous to hearing than is a low B2 exposure, of the same energy and that this effect is frequency dependent. The truth of this statement will allow us to develop a physical measure of a complex noise exposure, (which correlates with our indices of hearing trauma) for the purpose of evaluating hazards to hearing.

许多工业噪声环境的特点是高噪声， 撞击噪音的水平总是叠加在一个 连续的背景噪声，其本身是非常"峰值化的"（高 峰度），即，具有非高斯的振幅分布。 的 有限的人口统计数据表明，这种环境 听力损失的风险异常高， 反复暴露。 我们的实验室结果显示， 与连续噪声和冲击噪声的理想化组合一致 人口统计数据显示听力恶化 暴露于这种噪声组合后的损失。 有一个 普遍的共识是，我们还没有一个充分的 复杂声学环境的描述符或度量， 可用于评估听力风险， 建立暴露标准。 听力危险来自 复杂的噪音环境将研究使用龙猫作为 动物模型。 工业噪声环境将在 两种完全不同的方式：（1）通过产生理想化的 连续噪声上的指定频带的组合， 加入离散的冲击噪声序列。 通过研究 实验动物的听觉参数变化 我们就能了解到 这两种噪音。 虽然我们目前正在追查 方法，并提出这些研究的有限扩展， 这种方法有实际的局限性。 (2)通过数字化生成 连续噪声，其中脉冲性（峰度）可以是 严密控制。 我们也将能够控制 可听频谱的一部分是脉冲峰值的能量 出现。 这种方法将产生最真实的建模， 最有希望产生一个指数， 测量几乎任何工业噪音所造成的危害 环境 我们建议合成这样的噪音， 动物群体对这些合成噪音的条件。 的 峰度（B2），光谱变量和水平将系统地 各种各样。 听力损伤将根据听力进行评估 变化（阈值和调谐曲线）测量使用诱发 听觉反应和耳蜗中感觉细胞的损失。 我们将 测试假设，高B2噪声暴露更多 对听力的危害比低B2暴露， 能量和这种影响是依赖于频率。的真相 这一声明将使我们能够制定一个物理措施， 复杂的噪音暴露，（这与我们的指数相关， 听力损伤），以评估听力危害。