Scalable and Deformable 3D Hand Model for use with Computer Aided Engineering Des

虚拟产品设计和评估已成为开发和评估新建筑（和消费品）以及汽车内饰设计的重要工具。虽然这些过程开始很好地适用于以适应人群人体测量为目标的全身设计，特别是在努力减少与笨拙姿势相关的损伤方面（Corlett等人，1980年，Chang等人，2003年，Chaffin 2005年，Perez 2005年），但它们尚未应用于手动工具或器械设计。已经表明，手尺寸与工具预期尺寸显著不同的个体重复使用手工具会导致手部相关损伤的可能性增加（Cobb等人，1996年; Meagher 1987年; Kar等人，2007年; Markison 2007年），特别是当需要较大的力来操作工具时（Sancho-Bru等人，2003年; Molteni等人，2008年）。虚拟手模型在解决这种人体测量工具适配问题方面一直是无效的。与可用的虚拟手模型相关的当前技术障碍包括（1）缺乏具有精确表面表示和由旋转中心定义的精确关节运动学的立体几何手，（2）人体测量比例的核算能力有限（例如，各个指段尺寸之间的关系）（3）缺少关于预测手如何抓握物体和在抓握期间施加的力的信息，以及（4）不能说明组织顺应性（特别是在指尖和手掌表面处）。拟议的项目旨在通过开发3D几何手模型来解决这些障碍，该模型将被集成到设计工程师使用的当前CAD设计软件产品中（例如，SolidWorks，ProE）来评估手和新产品之间的相互作用。拟议的第一阶段研究将产生一个虚拟手模型，专门针对前两个障碍（如上所述），并将建立一个框架草案（用于确定未来研究的范围），以解决（3）和（4）的必要参数化。在第1阶段结束时，将制作一个独立的软件程序，该程序具有可扩展的几何手表示和运动学上逼真的关节数字。将使用开源SimTK核心库开发虚拟手模型（谢尔曼等人，2005年; Delp等人，2007年;施密特等人，2008年）。将使用刚体结构对手部的骨骼和关节进行建模，以数学方式复制实验室记录的手部人体测量、关节中心和运动学。手的表面表示将使用刚体弹簧模型（RBSM）（Kawai 1980）使用的类似方法建模。一个集成的手模型，结合所提出的表面变形/骨骼模型和现有的肌肉模型，将提供一个强大的分析工具，1）理解手相关的伤害机制与抓握姿势和力量和2）优化工具设计在电脑上，工作场所部署之前。公共卫生相关性：目前，设计工程师还没有方法来评估虚拟环境中与不同人群手尺寸的整体工具-手配合相关的预期设计变化。这导致手动工具的设计不适合大量用户，重复使用会增加受伤的可能性（Meagher 1987，Markison 2007）。该项目的总体目标是开发一个可扩展的虚拟手模型，可用于评估和确定适当的手动工具耦合接口，这些信息可用于设计手动工具以适应最终用户的手大小和手形。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Virtual product design and assessment has become a valuable tool in the development and evaluation of new buildings (and consumer products) as well as the interior design of automobiles. While these processes are beginning to work well for whole body designs targeted at accommodating population anthropometries, particularly in an effort to reduce injuries associated with awkward postures (Corlett et al. 1980, Chang et al. 2003, Chaffin 2005, Perez 2005), they have not been applied to hand tool or device design. It has been shown that repeated use of hand tools by individuals with hand dimensions significantly different than for which the tool was intended has resulted in an increased potential for hand-related injuries (Cobb et al. 1996, Meagher 1987, Kar et al. 2007, Markison 2007), particularly when significant force is required to operate the tool (Sancho-Bru et al. 2003, Molteni et al. 2008). Virtual hand models have been ineffective in addressing such anthropometric tool-fit issues. Current technological impediments related to available virtual hand models include (1) a lack of a solid geometry hand with accurate surface representation and accurate joint kinematics defined by centers of rotation, (2) a limited capacity in accounting for anthropometric scaling (e.g. the relationships between individual finger segment dimensions) (3) missing information on predicting how the hand grips objects and the forces applied during gripping, and (4) an inability to account for tissue compliance (particularly at the finger tips and palmar surface). The proposed project intends to address these impediments by developing a 3D geometric hand model, to be integrated into the current CAD design software products used by design engineers (e.g., SolidWorks, ProE) to evaluate the interaction between the hand and a new product. The proposed Phase 1 research will result in a virtual hand model that specifically targets the first two impediments (listed above) and will establish a draft framework (to be used to scope future research) for the necessary parameterization to address (3) and (4). At the conclusion of phase 1, a stand-alone software program with a scalable geometric hand representation with kinematically realistic articulating digits will be produced. The virtual hand model will be developed using the open-source SimTK core libraries (Sherman et al. 2005, Delp et al. 2007, Schmidt et al. 2008). The bones and joints of the hand will be modeled using rigid body structures to mathematically replicate laboratory recorded hand anthropometry, joint centers, and kinematics. The surface representation of the hand will be modeled using a similar method used by rigid body spring models (RBSM) (Kawai 1980). An integrated hand model, incorporating both the proposed surface-deformation/skeletal model and existing muscle models, would provide a powerful analysis tool for 1) understanding hand related injury mechanisms associated with grip posture and force and 2) optimizing tool design in-silico, prior to workplace deployment. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: There currently exist no methods for design engineers to assess prospective design changes in a virtual environment as related to the overall tool-hand fit with respect to different population hand sizes. This has led to hand tool designs that are inappropriate for a large number of users and whose repetitive use will result in an increased potential for injury (Meagher 1987, Markison 2007). The overall goal of this project is to develop a scalable, virtual hand model that can be used to evaluate and determine appropriate hand-tool coupling interfaces, information that can be used to design hand tools to accommodate the hand sizes and hand shapes of end users.