Impact of Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia on Host Defense

对包括结核病在内的感染的易感性增加是#年发病率和死亡率的主要原因。 糖尿病。尽管它在临床上很重要，但这种现象很少受到基础研究的关注。我们 将使用1型和2型糖尿病模型研究小鼠对结核病的耐药性。糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者 对照组小鼠将受到低剂量气雾剂感染结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)的挑战。我们会 通过存活率、细菌负荷和肺白细胞募集等参数来表征结核病的易感性。这个 敏感性的基础将通过表征细胞因子的表达和检测巨噬细胞来评估， 树突状细胞和T细胞的功能。我们将调查晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)、 与糖尿病的各种并发症有关，是宿主防御受损的罪魁祸首。我们 我还将评估与糖尿病并发症有关的其他生化机制的潜在作用 包括多元醇途径通量、己糖胺途径通量和活化过量生产二酰甘油 高脂血症是糖尿病中一种常见的并存疾病，可加重糖尿病 血管病变。在初步研究中，我们发现高胆固醇血症也会增加结核病的易感性。我们 将探讨糖尿病和高脂血症对保护性免疫的影响的异同， 我们还将研究合并高脂血症和糖尿病的小鼠对结核病的易感性。这个项目 将确定由高血糖和高脂血症引起的保护性免疫的特定缺陷，并可能 提供有关主机防御结核病的关键参数的新见解。了解以下机制： 敏感性将为逆转这种糖尿病相关并发症的治疗方法的发展提供信息。在 同时，我们的模型将被用来测试糖尿病新疗法对保护性免疫的影响 他汀类药物、氨基胍和吡哆胺等共病。虽然我们的重点是结核病，但新的 该项目产生的知识将对其他与糖尿病相关的感染具有广泛的相关性 并将进一步加深对免疫和新陈代谢之间相互作用的基本了解。 该项目研究糖尿病如何削弱人体抗击结核病的能力。了解更多有关 糖尿病对免疫系统的有害影响将提出预防和治疗感染的新方法 是糖尿病患者的一个主要问题。

Increased susceptibility to infections including tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Despite its clinical importance, this phenomenon has received little basic research attention. We will investigate TB resistance in mice using models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetic and non-diabetic control mice will be challenged by low-dose aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We will characterize TB susceptibility with parameters of survival, bacterial load, and lung leukocyte recruitment. The basis of susceptibility will be evaluated by characterizing cytokine expression and by testing macrophage, dendritic cell, and T cell functions. We will investigate whether advanced glycation end products (AGE), which have been linked to diverse complications of diabetes, are responsible for impaired host defense. We will also evaluate the potential role of other biochemical mechanisms implicated in diabetes complications including polyol pathway flux, hexosamine pathway flux, and over-production of diacylglycerol with activation of protein kinase C. Hyperlipidemia is a common co-morbidity in diabetes that exacerbates diabetic vasculopathy. In preliminary studies we found that hypercholesterolemia also increases TB susceptibility. We will explore similarities and differences in the effects of diabetes and hyperlipidemia on protective immunity, and we will characterize TB susceptibility of mice with combined hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This project will identify specific deficits in protective immunity caused by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and may provide new insights to critical parameters of host defense against TB. Understanding the mechanisms of susceptibility will inform the development of treatments to reverse this diabetes-related complication. At the same time our model will be used to test the impact on protective immunity of novel treatments for diabetes co-morbidities such as statins, aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine. While our focus is on TB, the new knowledge generated by this project will have broad relevance to other infections associated with diabetes and will further basic understanding of the interplay between immunity and metabolism. This project studies how diabetes weakens the body's ability to fight tuberculosis. Learning more about the harmful effects of diabetes on the immune system will suggest new ways to prevent and treat infections that are a major problem in people with diabetes.