The Process of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Assault Disclosure: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Examining Disclosure Content

涉及酒精的性侵犯披露的过程：检查披露内容的混合方法

• 批准号: 10752420
• 负责人: Madison Edwards
• 金额: $ 4.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-07 至 2025-08-06
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10752420
• 关键词: Adherence; Adult; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Data; Disclosure; Distress; Educational process of instructing; Elements; Event; Family; Friends; Impairment; Intervention; Interview; Intoxication; Knowledge; Label; Language; Link; Literature; Mediator; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Process; Provider; Public Health; Reaction; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Risk; Sampling; Shapes; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Survivors; Testing; Time; Victimization; Woman; Work; aged; alcohol involvement; assault; coping; drinking; experience; high risk drinking; in vivo; informal support; physical conditioning; prevent; psychosocial; response; revictimization; sexual assault; sexual violence; social; substance use; theories; young adult; young woman

Project Summary Alcohol-involved sexual violence (SV) is a major public health issue among young women. Research consistently shows that SV in which the victim had been drinking at the time of the assault can have an especially detrimental impact on survivors’ mental and physical health. Moreover, survivors who were drinking are more likely than those were not drinking to receive negative reactions—such as blame, disbelief, or minimization—in response to disclosure of their SV experiences to informal support providers (e.g., friends, family, significant others). These negative reactions are consistently linked to more negative psychosocial outcomes for survivors. Despite the clear importance of reactions to disclosure, one glaring gap in the literature linking negative disclosure responses to adverse psychosocial outcomes among survivors is a lack of knowledge about the content of disclosures made by survivors. That is, studies to date have simply asked survivors about the social reactions they received to disclosures, without assessing the language they use when disclosing their victimization. The present study seeks to fill this gap. The content of survivors’ disclosures—particularly their disclosure of alcohol use and the extent to which they express self-blame and label their experience as assaultive—may be important mechanisms through which alcohol impairment at the time of abuse impacts negative social reactions from supports. Three Aims will be pursued to test these suppositions. First, replicating past work, we expect that women who report greater impairment from alcohol use will receive greater negative reactions from informal supports. Second, we predict that the relationship between greater impairment and greater negative reactions will be indirect by way of a) more detail about impairment, b) greater self-blame, and c) less label use within the disclosure. Finally, to characterize the content of disclosure and desired outcomes for women survivors of alcohol-involved SV, in-depth qualitative interviews will be conducted with a purposeful subsample of survivors and their informal disclosure recipients. Testing hypotheses for Aims 1 and 2 will be accomplished with online survey data collected from a national sample of 550 women aged 18-25 who report an adult SV in which they consumed alcohol prior to the event and first disclosed the experience to an informal support provider. Aim 3 will be accomplished though in-depth qualitative interviews conducted separately with a purposeful subsample of survey participants (n = 30) and their informal support providers (n = 30). This mixed methods approach has the potential to increase the breadth and depth of our understanding of the disclosure process while better informing interventions to educate disclosure recipients to react in a supportive fashion (i.e., by decreasing negative reactions).

项目概要 与酒精有关的性暴力（SV）是年轻女性的一个主要公共卫生问题。研究 一致表明，受害者在袭击时饮酒的 SV 可以有 尤其对幸存者的身心健康产生不利影响。此外，那些喝酒的幸存者 比那些不喝酒的人更有可能受到负面反应，例如责备、怀疑或 最小化——回应向非正式支持提供者（例如朋友、 家庭、重要的其他人）。这些负面反应始终与更负面的心理社会有关 幸存者的结果。尽管对披露的反应显然很重要，但文献中存在一个明显的差距 将负面披露反应与幸存者的不良心理社会结果联系起来缺乏 了解幸存者披露的内容。也就是说，迄今为止的研究只是简单地询问 幸存者了解他们对信息披露的社会反应，但没有评估他们使用的语言 当揭露他们的受害情况时。本研究旨在填补这一空白。幸存者的内容 披露——尤其是他们对饮酒的披露以及他们表达自责和表达的程度 将他们的经历标记为攻击性的——可能是酒精损伤的重要机制 虐待时间会影响支持者的负面社会反应。将追求三个目标来测试这些 假设。首先，重复过去的工作，我们预计因酒精造成的损害更大的女性 使用会受到非正式支持的更大负面反应。其次，我们预测这种关系 更大的损害和更大的负面反应之间的关系将通过以下方式间接进行：a) 更多细节 损害，b) 更大的自责，以及 c) 披露中更少的标签使用。最后，为了表征 披露的内容和酒精性 SV 女性幸存者的期望结果，深入的定性 将对幸存者及其非正式披露接受者进行有目的的子样本访谈。 目标 1 和 2 的假设检验将通过从国家/地区收集的在线调查数据来完成。 550 名 18-25 岁女性样本，她们报告了在活动前饮酒的成人 SV 并首先向非正式支持提供者透露了这一经历。目标3将通过深入实现 对调查参与者的有目的的子样本（n = 30）单独进行定性访谈，以及 他们的非正式支持提供者（n = 30）。这种混合方法有可能提高 我们对披露过程理解的广度和深度，同时更好地为干预措施提供信息 教育披露接受者以支持的方式做出反应（即减少负面反应）。