Histological Reasoning: Visual Cognition in Microanatomy

这个项目是一项关于组织学实践中认知的多学科研究，即组织的显微解剖。组织学是生物学、医学预科和医学院课程中的一门核心课程，病理学家使用它的方法来诊断各种医学疾病。组织学教学的中心是识别显微镜中的组织。这是一项非常具有挑战性的任务，需要数年时间才能掌握。这一困难的主要基础是显微镜载玻片中的组织在外观上与整个组织有很大的不同。因此，组织学的能力需要发展高水平的视觉识别和推理技能。这个项目将通过各种实验研究，调查目前获得基础组织学专业知识的最佳方法。提出的研究的具体目的如下：1)确定显微镜载玻片中人类感知的信息。 两项研究将为完成组织学第一年课程的个人生成使用显微镜载玻片中诊断信息的模型。2)评估显微解剖学的视觉空间理解对于显微镜载玻片中组织识别的重要性。将进行一项实验，以检验这一假设，即识别显微镜载玻片中结构和组织的能力将直接随人们对整个组织的微观解剖有清晰的视觉空间理解的程度而变化。3)评估切片变换的视觉空间理解对于显微镜载玻片中组织识别的重要性。将进行一项实验来检验这一假设，即在显微镜载玻片中识别结构和组织的能力将直接随 其中，人们对将3D解剖与2D解剖切片相关联的转换有清晰的视觉空间理解。这项研究的结果将导致对组织学中的认知的详细了解，并促进视觉符号系统理论在解释由人类技术产生的图像(例如，X射线、核磁共振、航空照片)中的进步。这个项目有可能在培养本科生和医学院水平的组织学技能的方法上产生实质性的变化。对虚拟现实学习方法的研究与对组织学推理的严格研究将直接导致软件的开发，这可能会显着加快这一具有挑战性和重要领域的技能的发展。

This project is a multidisciplinary study of cognition in the practice of histology, the microanatomy of tissues. Histology is a core course in the biological, premedical, and medical school curricula, and pathologists use its methods to diagnose a variety of medical disorders. Instruction in histology centers on the recognition of tissues in microscopes. This is a very challenging task that takes years to master. Much of the basis for this difficulty is that the tissue in microscope slides differs substantially in appearance from the whole tissue. As a result, ability in histology requires the development of high level skills of visual recognition and reasoning. This project will investigate the current and optimum methods for gaining expertise in basic histology through a variety of experimental studies. The specific aims of the proposed research are the following: 1) Determine the information for human perceivers in microscope slides. Two studies will generate models of the use of diagnostic information in microscope slides for individuals who have completed the first year course in histology. 2) Assess the importance of visuospatial understanding of microanatomy for identification of tissues in microscope slides. An experiment will be conducted to test the hypothesis that the ability to identify structures and tissues in microscope slides will vary directly with the degree to which people have a clear visuospatial understanding of the microanatomy of the whole tissue. 3) Assess the importance of visuospatial understanding of the slice transformation for identification of tissues in microscope slides. An experiment will be conducted to test the hypothesis that the ability to identify structures and tissues in microscope slides will vary directly with the degree to which people have a clear visuospatial understanding of the transformation that relates 3D anatomy to 2D anatomical sections. The results of this research will lead to a detailed understanding of cognition in histology and to advances in theories of visual symbol systems used in the interpretation of images generated by human technology (e.g., x-ray, mri, aerial photographs). This project has the potential to generate substantial change in the methods for developing skill in histology at both the undergraduate and the medical school levels. The study of virtual reality methods of learning in conjunction with a rigorous study of histological reasoning will lead directly to the development of software that may significantly accelerate the development of skill in this challenging and important field.