Modeling Spatial and Family Factors in the Transmission of Wealth

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究将探索统计方法，将空间位置的影响与家庭对儿童经济未来的其他影响分开。在今天的美国，家庭对孩子未来经济地位的影响比在许多其他国家更大，有证据表明这种影响正在随着时间的推移而增加，但很少有研究将空间位置的作用与家庭影响孩子生活的其他方式分开。移民通过将个人安置在经济回报更大、更容易获得或保留财富的地区，从而影响经济地位，甚至是前几代人的移民。因为经济机会和家庭都是影响因素。这个项目将把三种这样的技术应用于来自美国历史上相关个体的纵向数据。它将考察在不断变化的经济中，几代人在多大程度上可能发生社会流动，人们从农业转移到城市地区，从事非农工作。贝叶斯集群模型将探索财富在空间中聚集的程度，以及家庭集群如何影响他们的财富。贝叶斯纵向模型将研究20年来地理位置的变化如何影响财富。迁徙历史来自一个系谱数据库，追溯了1650年前来到马萨诸塞州的9名祖先的后代。关于这些后代的家庭财富、位置和职业的信息将在美国手稿普查中添加三个日期：1850年、1860年和1870年。家谱提供了女性丈夫的姓名，使我们能够在婚前和婚后的人口普查中定位女性，从而检查性别如何影响社会流动性。我们将研究移民决定对前几代人的长期影响，这在当代研究中是不可能的。这项研究中探索的方法应该有助于研究疾病，因为它们将家庭影响从更广泛的环境或邻居的影响中分离出来，无论是由于遗传还是家庭环境。公共卫生相关性：健康在许多方面受到经济状况的影响，无论是通过负担得起治疗、饮食的能力，还是暴力死亡的风险，所有这些都因社会阶层而异。这项研究将有助于解释人们为什么会获得这样的经济地位，以及这种地位在多大程度上代代相传。探索的方法将对既涉及地理影响又涉及家庭特征的健康研究有用，例如确定家庭对疾病的影响更多地是通过遗传还是他们生活的环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will explore statistical methods for separating the effects of spatial location from other effects of families upon children's economic future. In the US today families have a greater influence upon children's future economic status than they do in many other countries, and there is evidence that this influence is increasing over time, but few studies have separated the role of spatial location from other ways families affect their children's lives. Migration affects economic status, even migration in earlier generations, by placing individuals in areas where economic returns are greater and it may be easier to obtain or retain wealth. Since both economic opportunities and families are effects. This project will apply three such techniques to longitudinal data from an historical US population of related individuals. It will examine the extent to which social mobility was possible over generations in a changing economy where people were leaving farming to move to urban areas and take up non-farm work. Bayesian cluster model will explore the extent to which wealth was clustered in space and how the clustering of families affected their wealth Bayesian longitudinal models will study how changes in location over 20 years affected wealth. The migration histories come from a genealogical data base tracing the descendents of 9 ancestors who came to Massachusetts before 1650. Information on household wealth, location and occupation for these descendents will be added from the US manuscript census at three dates: 1850, 1860 and 1870. The genealogies provide the names of women's husbands, allowing us to located women in censuses both before and after marriage, and, thus, to examine how gender affected social mobility. We will study the long term effects of migration decisions in earlier generations which is not possible in contemporary studies. The methods explored in this research should be helpful in studying disease because they separate familial effects whether due to genetics or family environment from the effects of the broader environment or neighborhood. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Health is affected by economic status in many ways, whether through ability to afford treatment, diet, or risks of violent death, all of which differ by social class. This research will help explain why people attain the economic status they have and the extent to which this is passed from generation to generation. The methods explored will be useful for studies of health in which both geographical effects and characteristics of families could be involved, such as determining whether families influence disease more through genetics or the environments where they live.