PIRE: Golondrinas de las Americas: Integrated Pan-American Research and Training in Organisms and Environments

PIRE：Golondrinas de las Americas：有机体和环境方面的泛美综合研究和培训

• 批准号: 0730180
• 负责人: David Winkler
• 金额: $ 249.89万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0730180&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PIRE; Golondrinas; de; las; Americas

0730180 WinklerPIRE: Golondrinas de las Americas: Integrated Pan-American Research and Training in Organisms and Environments This project develops a network of researchers called Golondrinas de las Americas. It leverages an existing collaboration of professional and student researchers who study highly tractable Tachycineta swallows at more than 35 sites spanning the Western Hemisphere, allowing tests of unprecedented resolution and power on a multitude of long-standing hypotheses about global-scale ecological patterns. In addition to creating a sustainable network of intellectually linked professional scientists, it fosters the training of US and host-country students at these sites, including built-in mechanisms for international interaction and the support of student-led research. This project is investigating the causes of latitudinal differences in clutch size, a fundamental pattern that occurs in many other birds but which has never been comprehensively investigated across a large number of sites. The research is evaluating four clusters of environmental and organismal hypotheses as they affect life histories and their linkage, in turn, to latitude. Tests with statistical mixed effect models will take advantage of the large number of independent sites, which have widely varying environmental conditions along a gradient spanning Alaska through the equator to Tierra del Fuego. Collaboratively designed and implemented experiments will be used to examine the strongest associations and distinguish between mechanistic/ecological and adaptive/historical interpretations, including (but not limited to) manipulations of nest-cup temperature and brood-size. Analysis will be strengthened by the use of existing robust phylogeny for these birds, and the applications of technology developed by the PIs in this system (portable digital candlers, thermal data loggers, standardized sampling of insect prey, etc.). This project is providing international field and laboratory research experience to a large number of US undergraduate and graduate students from diverse cultural backgrounds, and promoting collaborations among foreign investigators and students and engender continued research initiatives. A cadre of dedicated bilingual US undergrad Interns are being recruited and trained in field methods while they work in collaborative quartets composed of a more experienced US student and two host- country counterparts. In addition to testing core hypotheses, these teams gather data crucial to understanding the effects of climate change on birds and their insect prey. Workshops at every active training site as well as round-tables, workshops and symposia at national and international meetings will be open to all interested biologists, regardless of taxonomic interest, thus expanding the intellectual scope of the project. Golondrinas sites will serve as an entry point for comparative biologists wishing to study other taxa throughout the Americas. All the project's activities and findings will be disseminated through the well-developed web and public outreach activities and infrastructure of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. This project addresses fundamental ecological questions that, because of their scale, require testing via a broad network of international researchers. Through these interactions, it creates a sustainable and synergistic research collaboration among biologists from many nations and trains large numbers of US and foreign students for leadership in future collaborative scientific endeavors.This project is funded by the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE) with co-funding from the Division of Environmental Biology (DEB).

0730180 WinklerPIRE: Golondrinas de las Americas：生物和环境的综合泛美研究和培训该项目建立了一个名为Golondrinas de las Americas的研究人员网络。它利用了现有的专业和学生研究人员的合作，他们在西半球超过35个地点研究高度驯服的燕子，允许对大量长期存在的关于全球尺度生态模式的假设进行前所未有的分辨率和力量测试。除了创建一个智力联系的专业科学家的可持续网络之外，它还促进了对这些站点的美国和东道国学生的培训，包括国际互动的内置机制和对学生主导的研究的支持。这个项目正在调查卵卵大小的纬度差异的原因，这是一种发生在许多其他鸟类身上的基本模式，但从未在大量地点进行全面调查。这项研究正在评估四组环境和有机体假说，因为它们会影响生命史，以及它们与纬度的联系。采用统计混合效应模型的试验将利用大量独立地点，这些地点的环境条件差异很大，沿着一条从阿拉斯加穿过赤道到火地岛的梯度。合作设计和实施的实验将用于检查最强的关联，并区分机械/生态和适应性/历史解释，包括（但不限于）对巢杯温度和卵大小的操纵。利用这些鸟类现有的强大系统发育，以及pi在该系统中开发的技术（便携式数字蜡烛，热数据记录仪，昆虫猎物的标准化采样等）的应用，将加强分析。该项目为大量来自不同文化背景的美国本科生和研究生提供国际实地和实验室研究经验，促进外国研究人员和学生之间的合作，并产生持续的研究倡议。在由一名经验更丰富的美国学生和两名东道国学生组成的合作四重奏小组中，我们招募了一批专门从事双语工作的美国本科生实习生，并对他们进行实地方法培训。除了测试核心假设之外，这些团队还收集了对了解气候变化对鸟类及其昆虫猎物的影响至关重要的数据。在每一个活跃的培训地点举办的讲习班以及在国内和国际会议上举行的圆桌会议、讲习班和专题讨论会将向所有感兴趣的生物学家开放，无论他们对分类学感兴趣，从而扩大了该项目的知识范围。Golondrinas遗址将成为希望研究整个美洲其他分类群的比较生物学家的切入点。该项目的所有活动和发现将通过完善的网络、公共宣传活动和康奈尔鸟类学实验室的基础设施进行传播。这个项目解决了基本的生态问题，由于其规模，需要通过广泛的国际研究人员网络进行测试。通过这些互动，它在许多国家的生物学家之间建立了一个可持续的和协同的研究合作，并培养了大量的美国和外国学生在未来的合作科学努力中的领导地位。该项目由国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）和环境生物学部（DEB）共同资助。