Hippocampal synaptic dynamics during realistic patterns of afferent activity

描述（由申请人提供）：突触传递是神经系统中细胞间信号传递和处理的主要机制。突触的输出是高度动态的，这是由于存在几种形式的活动依赖性突触可塑性，其持续时间从毫秒到小时不等。虽然个别形式的突触可塑性已经得到很好的描述，简单的刺激模式，用于定义每种形式的可塑性承担很少相似的活动模式在体内看到，其中大多数突触被激活的传入放电的时间复杂的模式。这些复杂的活动模式，预计从事几种形式的突触可塑性，同时在一个复杂的组合，我们将称为突触动力学。突触动力学决定了每个尖峰产生的突触输出如何受到前一个尖峰序列的影响。这些动力学被广泛认为是突触传递过程中信号处理的重要组成部分，可能会受到药物或神经系统疾病的影响;然而，传入活动的现实模式中的突触动力学知之甚少。我们的长期目标是确定突触动力学在海马体回路功能中的作用，海马体是学习和记忆的关键大脑结构。在本研究中，我们将研究海马脑片中CA3锥体细胞和CA1锥体细胞之间Schaffer侧支突触的突触动力学。我们将使用现场和全细胞记录来测量突触反应的尖峰列车从活动模式中看到的CA3锥体细胞在体内的一个复杂的行为任务的性能。我们将解决三个具体的目标：1）确定在行为相关的传入活动模式的突触动力学的功能后果; 2）确定突触动力学的基础机制;和3）确定突触动力学是否可以改变神经调质或长期可塑性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Synaptic transmission is a major mechanism underlying the intercellular transfer and processing of signals in the nervous system. The output of synapses is highly dynamic, owing to the existence of several forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity that range in duration from milliseconds to hours. Although individual forms of synaptic plasticity have been well described, the simple stimulus patterns used to define each form of plasticity bear little resemblance to the activity patterns seen in vivo, where most synapses are activated by temporally complex patterns of afferent firing. These complex patterns of activity are expected to engage several forms of synaptic plasticity simultaneously in a complex combination, which we will refer to as synaptic dynamics. Synaptic dynamics determine how the synaptic output produced by each spike is influenced by the pattern of the preceding spike train. These dynamics are widely presumed to be an important component of signal processing during synaptic transmission, and may be affected by drugs or neurological diseases; however, synaptic dynamics during realistic patterns of afferent activity are poorly understood. Our long-term objective is to determine the roles of synaptic dynamics in circuit function in the hippocampus, a brain structure critical in learning and memory. In the present proposal, we will examine synaptic dynamics of Schaffer collateral synapses between CA3 pyramidal cells and CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices. We will use field and whole-cell recordings to measure synaptic responses to spike trains derived from activity patterns seen in CA3 pyramidal cells in vivo during the performance of a complex behavioral task. We will address three specific aims: 1) to identify functional consequences of synaptic dynamics during behaviorally-relevant patterns of afferent activity; 2) to identify mechanisms that underlie synaptic dynamics; and 3) to determine whether synaptic dynamics can be altered by neuromodulators or long-term plasticity.