Mechanisms and Functional Outcomes of Excercise Progression Models in the Ederly

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请涉及广泛的挑战领域（04）：临床研究和特定挑战主题04- ag -107：不同类型身体活动的特定益处机制。到2030年，65岁及以上的美国人将占美国人口的20%左右，预计美国的医疗保健支出将增加25%。预计保健费用增加的一个主要因素是随着年龄增长功能逐渐下降的后果。根据美国运动医学学院（ACSM）和美国心脏协会（AHA）的建议，在运动训练的帮助下，功能能力的下降可以减缓。不幸的是，老年人功能能力的改善相当小，部分原因是由于许多老年人由于骨科和心血管疾病的限制而无法忍受足够高强度的运动。因此，尽管取得了一些成功，但现有的老年人训练策略似乎并不理想。因此，我们这个快速老龄化的国家所面临的挑战是确定干预措施，为老年人减缓功能和表现的下降，防止早期出现身体残疾和丧失独立性。潜在的影响是降低疾病、残疾、早期死亡和保健支出的可能性。我们假设，在训练计划开始时应用的区域特异性运动刺激将作为一种生理引子，能够消除限制老年人失去独立能力的外周障碍。在培训计划的早期消除外围障碍将释放功能能力变化的更大潜力。随后，本提案的目标是双重的：(1)确定4周的区域特定运动刺激或标准有氧运动训练对身体和功能表现的差异；(2)确定随后8周渐进式全身训练方案对身体和功能表现变化幅度的影响。对于这些目标来说，特别重要的是将生物标本（血管和肌肉）的生理信息与老年人的功能结果结合起来，遵循两种不同类型的运动训练进展模型。到2030年，20%的美国人口将达到65岁。目前针对老年人的训练策略对功能能力的影响很小。我们将使用区域特定培训计划来消除外围限制，并释放功能能力变化的更大潜力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application addresses broad Challenge Area (04): Clinical Research and specific Challenge Topic 04-AG-107: Mechanisms of specific benefits of different types of physical activity. MECHANISMS AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES OF EXERCISE PROGRESSION MODELS IN THE ELDERLY By 2030, the number of Americans 65 years or older will account for roughly 20% of the US population, with a projected increase in the Nation's health care spending of 25%. A major factor in the projected increase in health care costs is the consequences of a progressive decline in functional capacity with advancing age. The decline in functional capacity can be slowed with the help of exercise training as recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and American Heart Association (AHA). Unfortunately, improvements in functional capacity, in the elderly are rather small, in part, because many elderly cannot tolerate sufficiently high intensity exercise due to orthopedic and cardiovascular limitations. Thus, despite some success, existing training strategies, for the elderly, appear less than optimal. Therefore, the challenge for our rapidly aging nation is to define interventions, for the elderly that can slow the decline in functional capacity and performance, prevent early onset of physical disability and loss of independence. The potential impact is a reduction in the probability of disease, disability, early mortality, and health care expenditures. We hypothesize that regionally specific exercise stimuli, applied at the beginning of a training program, will serve as a physiological primer capable of removing peripheral barriers that limit functional capacity, in elderly at risk of losing independence. Removal of peripheral barriers early in a training program will unlock a greater potential for change in functional capacity. Subsequently, the objectives of this proposal are twofold: (1) To determine differences between 4 weeks of a regionally specific exercise stimulus or standard aerobic exercise training on physical and functional performance; and (2) To determine the effects of subsequent 8 weeks of progressive whole- body training protocol on the magnitude of change in physical and functional performance. Of particular importance to these objectives is the combination of physiological information from biospecimens (vascular and muscular) with functional outcomes in the elderly, following two different types of exercise training progression models. Statement of Relevance By 2030, 20% of the US population will be > 65 years old. Current training strategies for the elderly only show small effects on functional capacity. We will use a Regionally Specific Training Program to remove peripheral limitations and unlock a greater potential for change in functional capacity.