Interactive Exploration of Temporal Patterns in Electronic Health Records

描述(由申请人提供)： 随着电子健康记录(EHR)的普及，EHR数据的大型数据库正在变得可用，但没有得到充分利用，因为没有易于使用的界面来了解可用的具体复杂的时间查询、审查结果、比较患者组并快速轻松地重复这一过程。可视化和交互式解决方案可以极大地提高电子病历数据库的好处，从而改善临床研究和患者护理。研究活动通常需要比较治疗、药物、具有或不具有特定基因的患者等。要组合要研究的患者组，需要具有时间成分的查询，例如“寻找肺炎治疗后3个月内哮喘发作的患者”。当前可用的系统使简单的查询成为可能，例如“查找被诊断为哮喘和肺炎的患者”，这给用户带来了在搜索有用数据的过程中在大量结果中拖拉的负担。对于大多数医学研究人员来说，用SQL或其他语言指定有用但更复杂的时态查询是不可能的，而且数据挖掘结果被发现有问题，很难解释，因为用户无法控制盲目挖掘过程，并且“脏”数据的问题仍然看不见也没有解决。对于1)交互式查询界面需要新颖的界面设计，该界面允许研究人员和临床医生找到在数字和分类数据中都显示感兴趣的时间模式的数据2)事件历史操作员根据结果视觉地对齐、排名、过滤和分组，从而允许研究人员和临床医生在他们检索的数据中看到模式、例外和可能的数据质量问题3)强大的比较工具来探索备选方案(例如进行比较有效性研究)，以及用于记录发现和准备报告的注释机制。我们相信，用户界面的未来是朝着更大、信息丰富的交互显示的方向发展，这种交互显示易于使用，并使用户能够在意识到过程中使用的数据质量的同时进行发现。通过将数据库、用户界面设计和信息可视化连接起来，可以开发出下一代强大的可视化分析工具和工作环境。用于指定搜索和审查结果的可视化和交互式解决方案可以极大地提高EHR数据库的好处，从而改善临床研究和患者护理。需要新的接口设计用于1)交互式查询接口，其允许研究人员和临床医生找到在数字和分类数据两者中都显示感兴趣的时间模式的数据。2)事件历史操作员根据结果对齐、排序、过滤和分组，从而允许研究人员和临床医生看到他们检索的数据中的模式和例外。3)时间分类数据的新颖的可视摘要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As the use of electronic health records (EHRs) spreads, large databases of EHR data are becoming available but are underused because there is no easy-to-use interfaces to understand what is available, specific complex temporal queries, review the results, compare groups of patients and rapidly and easily iterate this process. Visual and interactive solutions can dramatically increase the benefits of EHR databases, leading to improved clinical research and patient care. Research activities often require comparing treatments, drugs, patients with or without certain genes, etc. To assembling the groups of patients to be studied require queries that have a temporal component, e.g. "Find patients whose onset of asthma followed within 3 months of treatment of pneumonia". Currently available systems make possible simple queries such as "Find patients who have the diagnoses of asthma and pneumonia" leaving users with the burden of shuffling through large numbers of results in search for the useful data. Specifying useful but more complex temporal queries with SQL or other languages is impossible for most medical researchers, and data mining results are found questionable and hard to interpret as users cannot control the blind mining process and problems with "dirty" data remain unseen and unaddressed. Novel interface designs are needed for 1) interactive query interfaces allowing researchers and clinicians to find data that show temporal patterns of interest in both numerical and categorical data 2) event history operators to align, rank, filter and group by the results visually, allowing researchers and clinicians to see patterns, exceptions, and possibly data quality problems in the data they retrieved 3) powerful comparison tools to explore alternatives (e.g. to conduct comparative effectiveness research), and annotation mechanisms to record findings and prepare reports. We believe that the future of user interfaces is in the direction of larger, information- abundant interactive displays that are easy to use and empower the user to make discoveries while being aware of the quality of the data used in the process. By bridging the worlds of data bases, user interface design and information visualization, the next generation of potent visual analytic tools and work environments can be developed. Visual and interactive solutions for specifying search and reviewing results can dramatically increase the benefits of EHR databases, leading to improved clinical research and patient care. Novel interface designs are needed for 1) interactive query interfaces allowing researchers and clinicians to find data that show temporal patterns of interest in both numerical and categorical data 2) event history operators to align, rank, filter and group by the results allowing researchers and clinicians to see patterns and exceptions in the data they retrieved 3) novel visual summaries of temporal categorical data.