Molecular Biomarkers for Malaria

摘要 疟疾仍然是一种主要传染病，新增病例超过4亿例，新增病例100万例。 每年的死亡人数。然而，重要的新努力，包括新药、疫苗和媒介 目前正在开展防治技术，以减少甚至消除疟疾的健康负担。 这些努力的持续成功将需要新的工具来监测进展和检测 随着寄生虫对新策略的响应，寄生虫种群的变化。之前的努力已经 至少在当地，成功地大幅降低了疟疾感染率，但却步履蹒跚 最终也会失败。造成这种失败的因素有很多，包括药物的出现。 抗药性寄生虫和通过迁徙或转移输入新的疟疾菌株 商务旅行。在以前的根除疟疾运动中，没有 可以监测寄生虫耐药性或跟踪寄生虫种群变化的工具 地理区域。光镜检查和临床症状无特异性 足以区分寄生虫种群。最近，我们的重大进展 对寄生虫生物学的理解和研究寄生虫的新工具已经开发出来。完毕 在过去的五年里，DNA测序技术使人们能够快速获得新的 基因数据使我们能够区分不同的寄生虫，识别标记 常见于具有特定表型(如耐药性)的寄生虫，并确定其来源 来自不同地理区域的寄生虫。在本提案中，我们计划利用这一新的 关于发现疟疾检测和监测的相关生物标志物的知识 并将这一发现转化为在控制和消除期间的应用 全球疟疾方案的各个阶段

Abstract Malaria remains a major infectious disease, with over 400 million new cases and 1 million deaths each year. However, important new efforts, including new drugs, vaccines and vector control techniques, are underway to reduce and even eliminate the health burden of malaria. Sustained success in these efforts will require new tools, both to monitor progress and to detect changes in the parasite population as it responds to the new strategies. Previous efforts have succeeded, at least locally, in dramatically lowering the rate of malaria infection, only to falter and ultimately fail. Many factors can contribute to such failure, including the emergence of drug resistant parasites and the importation of new strains of malaria through migration or commercial travel. At the time of the previous malaria eradication campaigns there were no tools that could monitor drug resistance in parasites or track changing parasite populations in a geographic region. Light microscopic examination and clinical symptoms were not specific enough to distinguish parasite populations. More recently, significant advances in our understanding of parasite biology and new tools to study parasites have been developed. Over the past five years, DNA sequencing technology has enabled the rapid acquisition of new genetic data, allowing us to distinguish individual parasites from one another, identify markers common to parasites with particular phenotypes like drug resistance and identify the origin of parasites from different geographic regions. In this proposal, we plan to leverage this new knowledge for the discovery of relevant biomarkers for detection and surveillance of malaria infections and to translate this discovery for application during the control and elimination phases of the Global Malaria Program