A Prospective Study of the Nonmedical use of Prescription Medications by Adolesce

描述（由申请方提供）：青少年处方药非医疗使用的前瞻性研究是对当前PA-08-127（之前为PA-07-123）的回应。它建立在研究小组以前的横断面探索性研究（RO 3 DA 018272：RO 3 DA 018239）的基础上，重点关注青少年和年轻人人群中计划处方药（NUPM）的非医疗使用的性别差异。在之前的探索性研究中，我们的研究团队观察到非医疗使用者之间存在显着的异质性，这些异质性由以下亚型组成：a）拥有法律的处方（或不是法律的处方）和B）动机（自我治疗与寻求刺激）。虽然所有四种亚型都以意志为特征，但两种NUPM亚型涉及自我治疗的动机，而另外两种NUPM亚型涉及与寻求感觉有关的动机。此外，NUPM可能涉及自己的处方药或其他人的。本研究的目的是由一个理论模型，从问题行为理论，它描绘了可能导致NUPM及其后果的风险域的指导。提出了一种混合方法的设计，该研究包括年度，横截面，基于网络的调查超过五年，纵向，小组研究，包括面对面的，半结构化的采访。该研究旨在：1）调查药物依从性和NUPM四种亚型的患病率，NUPM亚型之间的共现率，以及与每种类型相关的人口统计学特征; 2）确定每种药物分类中NUPM行为的常见模式（睡眠、兴奋剂、焦虑/镇静剂、疼痛）; 3）检查5个评估点中群体成员的稳定性/不稳定性，以及药物使用的早期轨迹与药物滥用问题相关的程度; 4）确定定性数据与定量数据趋同的程度。这项研究的数据应该是非常宝贵的，在规划新的预防工作，旨在减少NUPM的青少年。公共卫生相关性：在美国生活的青少年中，医疗和非医疗使用的处方药（如睡眠，兴奋剂，焦虑/镇静剂和疼痛）有所增加，导致该年龄组的一系列新的健康风险。尽管公认的处方药的非医疗使用增加，但对青少年参与这种行为的原因及其行为的负面后果知之甚少。这项研究的目的是促进对青少年的医疗和非医疗使用的处方药成瘾的潜力，以更好地为预防工作提供信息的知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A Prospective Study of the Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications by Adolescents is in response to current PA-08-127 (previously PA-07-123). It builds on the research team's previous cross-sectional, exploratory research (RO3 DA018272: RO3 DA 018239) focusing on gender differences in the nonmedical use of scheduled, prescription medications (NUPM) among adolescent and young adult populations. In previous exploratory studies,our research team observed notable heterogeneity among nonmedical users, captured by subtypes characterized by: a) either possession of a legal prescription (or not a legal prescription) and b) motivations (self-treating versus sensation-seeking). While all four subtypes are characterized by volition, two NUPM subtypes involve motives to self-treat, while two other NUPM subtypes involve motives related to sensation-seeking. Additionally, NUPM may involve one's own prescription medication or alternatively, someone else's. The study aims are guided by a theoretical model, drawn from Problem Behavior Theory, which depicts the domains of risk that may lead to NUPM and its consequences. A mixed-method design is proposed; the study includes annual, cross-sectional, web-based surveys over five-years and a longitudinal, panel study that includes face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The study aims to: 1) investigate the prevalence of medical adherence and the four subtypes of NUPM, the co-occurrence among the subtypes of NUPM, and demographic characteristics associated with each type; 2) identify common patterns of NUPM behaviors across each drug classification (sleep, stimulant, anxiety/sedative, pain); 3) examine the stability/instability of group membership across the 5 points of assessment and the extent to which early trajectories of drug use are associated with substance abuse problems and 4) determine the extent to which the qualitative data converge with quantitative data. Data from this study should be invaluable in planning for new prevention efforts aimed at reducing NUPM among adolescents. Public Health Relevance: The medical and nonmedical use of scheduled prescription medications (e.g. sleep, stimulant, anxiety/sedative, and pain) have increased among adolescents living in the United States, leading to a new set of health risks for this age group. Despite the acknowledged increase in the nonmedical use of prescription medications, relatively little is known about the reasons adolescents engage in this behavior and the negative consequences of their behaviors. The purpose of this study is to advance knowledge about adolescents' medical and nonmedical use of prescription medications with addictive potential in order to better inform prevention efforts.