Exposure to mobile source air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in the Los Ang

项目摘要 我们将解决以往研究中两个主要缺陷，这些研究考察了空气污染与 围产儿结局。第一个弱点，曝光错误，将通过将全面的和 大型出生数据库，具有来自高级暴露的空间和时间分辨率的暴露估计 建模系统。第二个弱点，即关于时间-活动和行为的最低知识 影响女性怀孕期间个人暴露的变化将通过以下方式解决 采用问卷调查和GPS时间活动抽样法进行前瞻性队列研究。结局包括出生体重过低 (LBW)和早产(PTD)。将对超声结果进行探索性分析 未来的队列。长期目标将是开发可以应用于大量人口的方法- 以分娩为基础的研究，将包括更深入的结局和暴露评估，以及 母婴遗传变异的评估。 具体目标如下：1)确定母亲在住宅中暴露于 与交通相关的空气污染物与LBW和PTD在大型回溯性队列中的关系。我们将研究这一出生 队列(N=97,500)，包括母亲在怀孕期间的详细临床数据。室外浓缩物 每个住宅的多环芳烃(PAH)、一氧化氮(NO)和二氧化氮(NO2)将 对每个科目按月和三个月进行评估和总结。将进行Logistic回归 对出生登记中通常没有的已知或疑似混杂因素进行调整。在子宫内 将审查易受空气污染物影响的窗口。2)测试未来的招聘方法和 利用超声数据开发可用于计划中的更大规模研究的数据收集仪器。 我们将在他们的第一次产前检查中前瞻性地招募100名受试者。在这些主题之后将会有一个 环境和行为问卷，加上为期一周的GPS采样，在他们的 怀孕了。将评估怀孕期间时间活动和空气污染暴露的变化。在……里面 此外，还将开发方法来检查空气污染与超声结果的关系(例如： 头围)，可作为宫内生长受限的生物标志物。3)测试测量 以及建模方法。我们将对其中40名潜在患者进行广泛的暴露测量 受试者和模型将被开发和验证，以估计户外、运输中和个人的暴露。 模型的性能将构成更大规模研究设计的基础。项目叙事 这项研究将产生的知识将通过识别和描述对公共卫生有益 影响不良生育结局的环境因素。这项研究预计将对 关于保护易受艾滋病不良影响的孕妇的健康的决定 由于空气污染。

Project Summary We will address two major weaknesses in previous studies examining the association of air pollution with perinatal outcomes. The first weakness, exposure error, will be addressed by linking a comprehensive and large birth database with spatially and temporally resolved exposure estimates from an advanced exposure modeling system. The second weakness, namely, minimal knowledge concerning time-activity and behavior changes that affect women's personal exposures during pregnancy, will be addressed by following a prospective cohort using questionnaires and GPS time-activity sampling. Outcomes include low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PTD). Exploratory analysis will be conducted for ultrasound outcomes in the prospective cohort. The long-term goal will be to develop methods that can be applied to a large population- based study of births that will include more intensive outcome and exposure assessments, as well as assessments of maternal-fetal genetic variation. The specific aims are as follows: 1) To determine the association of mothers' residential exposure to traffic-related air pollutants with LBW and PTD in a large retrospective cohort. We will study this birth cohort (N=97,500) with detailed clinical data for the mother during pregnancy. Outdoor concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at each residence will be estimated and summarized by month and trimester for each subject. Logistic regression will be performed adjusting for known or suspected confounding factors not generally available in birth registries. In utero windows of vulnerability to air pollutants will be examined. 2) To test prospective recruiting methods and develop data collection instruments that can be used in a planned larger study using ultrasound data. We will prospectively recruit 100 subjects during their first prenatal visit. The subjects will be followed by an environmental and behavior questionnaire coupled with one-week GPS sampling three times during their pregnancy. Changes in time-activity and air pollution exposures during pregnancy will be assessed. In addition, methods will be developed to examine the association of air pollution with ultrasound outcomes (e.g. head circumference), which may serve as biomarkers of in utero growth restrictions. 3) To test measurement and modeling methods. We will conduct extensive exposure measurements for 40 of the prospective subjects, and models will be developed and validated to estimate outdoor, in-transit and personal exposures. Model performance will form the basis for the design of a larger study. Project Narrative The knowledge that will emerge from this study will be of benefit to public health by identifying and describing environmental factors affecting adverse birth outcomes. This research is expected to have an impact on decisions regarding the protection of health in pregnant women who are susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution.