Organics Research Core

有机物研究核心

• 批准号: 7787765
• 负责人: RUSS B HAUSER
• 金额: $ 6.54万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7787765
• 关键词: 1,3-Butadiene; Accounting; Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Age; Air; Area; Back; Behavior; Biota; Birth; Boxing; Breathing; CYP2E1 gene; Cancer Etiology; Carcinogens; Chemicals; Chemistry; Child; Data; Dioxins; Dose; Endocrine; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Environmental Risk Factor; Enzymes; Epidemiologic Studies; Epoxy Compounds; Excision; Exposure to; Faculty; Fertility; Fetal Development; Follow-Up Studies; Food Packaging; Gender; Genetic Polymorphism; Glutathione; Goals; Health; Human; Individual; Investigation; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Lead; Leadership; Life; Longevity; Metabolism; Modeling; Mus; Occupational; Organic Chemicals; Outcome; Pharmacologic Substance; Plastics; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Pregnancy; Process; Production; Protocols documentation; Puberty; Public Health; Rattus; Reproductive Health; Research; Research Technics; Risk; Self Care; Signal Transduction; Study models; System; Testing; Toxic effect; Toxicokinetics; Toy; Water; blood lipid; environmental transport; flexibility; human subject; interest; member; phthalates; pollutant; receptor; sewage treatment; uptake; volunteer

Under the leadership of Dr. Russ Mauser MD, ScD, MPH, the Organic Pollutants Core brings together faculty with diverse backgrounds and interests to address the health effects of organics across the lifespan, with primary focus on fetal development through puberty. Our core faculty members have developed research that has been critical to addressing the public health impact of organic pollutants. As evidenced below, the core has a special emphasis on modern chemicals such as phthalates and historic chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins. An important, but understudied, area in environmental health sciences is the potential adverse health affects of exposure to modern organic chemicals. Although modern chemistry and the subsequent birth of synthetic chemicals date back many decades, we continue to have a limited understanding of the potential public health impact of these ubiquitous chemicals of modern life. Chemicals are widely used in products of everyday life, such as in plastics to make them soft and flexible, in personal care products to hold scent and as a preservative, and in a variety of building products. They are also used in food packaging and processing materials and a variety of toys and products for babies and young children. Among the 80,000 or so chemicals of modern life, there is a subset that is hormonally active, defined as chemicals that alter endocrine signaling at low levels of exposure. As a result of altered endocrine signaling, there may be adverse effects on reproductive health, specifically fertility, as well as on pregnancy and birth outcomes. Recent studies indicate the presences of a variety of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in our water. Because there are thousands of PPCPs in common use, it would be impossible to conduct detailed field and laboratory studies on all compounds of potential concern. In order to help prioritize research on PPCPs, we developed a system for quantitatively ranking the environmental risks posed by individual PPCPs. This ranking accounts for gross production, human metabolism, removal by sewage treatment, and toxicity to human and ecological receptors. Using this ranking system, we have identified classes of pharmaceutical compounds of highest potential risk. Interestingly, most of these compounds have never been studied in the environment. In a follow-up study, we modeled the environmental transport and fate of a subset of these compounds using a multi-compartment box model (BETR-NA) that estimates the distribution of PPCPs between air, water, sediment, and uptake by aquatic biota. Similarly, we have identified previously unstudied compounds that may be of concern due to their environmental behavior.

Russ Mauser MD，ScD，MPH的领导下，有机污染物核心汇集了具有不同背景和兴趣的教师，以解决有机物在整个生命周期中对健康的影响，主要关注青春期的胎儿发育。我们的核心教师已经开发了研究 这对于解决有机污染物对公共健康的影响至关重要。如下所示，核心特别强调邻苯二甲酸盐等现代化学品和多氯联苯和二恶英等历史化学品。 环境健康科学中一个重要但研究不足的领域是潜在的不利健康 现代有机化学品的影响。尽管现代化学和随后的 合成化学品的历史可以追溯到几十年前，但我们对潜在的化学品的了解仍然有限。 这些现代生活中无处不在的化学物质对公众健康的影响。化学品被广泛用于 在日常生活中，例如在塑料中使它们柔软和有弹性，在个人护理产品中保持香味， 一种防腐剂，以及各种建筑产品。它们也用于食品包装和加工 材料和各种玩具和产品的婴儿和幼儿。在大约8万种化学物质中， 在现代生活中，有一个子集是生殖活性的，定义为改变内分泌信号的化学物质， 低暴露水平。由于内分泌信号的改变，可能会对生殖系统产生不利影响。 健康，特别是生育率，以及怀孕和分娩结果。 最近的研究表明，各种药物和个人护理产品的存在 （PPCPs）在我们的水。因为有成千上万的PPCP在共同使用，这将是不可能的， 对所有可能引起关注的化合物进行详细的实地和实验室研究。为了帮助优先考虑 通过对PPCPs的研究，我们开发了一个系统，用于对PPCPs造成的环境风险进行定量排名， 个体PPCP。这一排名考虑了总产量、人体新陈代谢、污水排放量 治疗和对人类和生态受体的毒性。使用该排名系统，我们已经确定了潜在风险最高的药物化合物类别。有趣的是，这些化合物中的大多数从未在环境中进行过研究。在后续的研究中，我们模拟了环境运输和命运， 这些化合物的一个子集使用多室箱模型（BETR-NA），估计PPCPs之间的空气，水，沉积物和水生生物群的吸收分布。同样，我们已经确定了以前未研究的化合物，这些化合物可能由于其环境行为而受到关注。