Phenotypic Markers for Smoking Cessation: Impulsive Choice and Impulsive Action

戒烟的表型标记：冲动选择和冲动行动

• 批准号: 7933993
• 负责人: Danielle Erin McCarthy
• 金额: $ 36.48万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7933993
• 关键词: Abstinence; Accounting; Acute; Address; Adopted; Adult; Affective; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; American; Area; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Caring; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Counseling; Data; Decision Making; Dimensions; Economics; Future; Growth; Health Benefit; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Measures; Nicotine; Outcome; Palm-Top Computers; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Personal Digital Assistant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Problem behavior; Relapse; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Severities; Signal Transduction; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Status; Stimulus; Substance of Abuse; Task Performances; Time; Tobacco; Withdrawal; addiction; base; behavior change; behavior measurement; craving; discount; discounting; drinking; improved; interest; longitudinal design; non-smoker; novel; preference; prevent; resilience; response; smoking cessation; success

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Phenotypic Markers for Smoking Cessation: Impulsive Choice and Impulsive Action This application addresses broad Challenge Area (01): Behavior, Behavioral Change, and Prevention and specific high-priority Challenge Topic 01-AA-101 Identifying Phenotypic Markers for Positive Behavior Change. The proposed project will gather new information about temporal growth patterns in two phenotypic markers of behavior change among smokers engaged in an attempt to quit smoking with individual smoking cessation counseling and nicotine lozenge treatment. The project will also generate real time data about the associations between alcohol use and measures of impulsive choice and action in individuals attempting to stop smoking. Delay discounting is a devaluing of delayed rewards that has been documented in smokers, particularly during acute periods of withdrawal. Delay discounting has important but previously unexplored implications for momentary decisions that smokers attempting to quit must make regarding the value of abstaining now, despite withdrawal discomfort and powerful cravings, to reap health benefits years later. The proposed project will examine day-to-day fluctuations in delay discounting assessed daily by palmtop computer in the 7 days preceding a quit attempt and the first 21 days of a quit attempt and will explore relations between delay discounting and subsequent abstinence. Subjects will also complete a standard, laboratory-based delay discounting task three times in the study (one week pre-quit, on the target quit day, and 3 weeks post-quit) which will be assessed as predictors of later abstinence. Variables that may account for changes in delay discounting over time, such as alcohol use, affective states, access to cigarettes, or perceived certainty of health benefits of quitting, will be examined as well. In addition to the delay discounting measure of impulsive choice, the proposed project will also administer a task assessing impulsive action, Go-no go tasks require that individuals be able to inhibit prepotent responses, an ability with clear relevance for smoking cessation. Subjects are instructed to tap a key when a go stimulus appears and to withhold the response when the signal is not present. To date, real-time data regarding impulsive action have not been collected during the course of a quit attempt. This project will generate new information about changes in impulsive action and factors associated with such changes (e.g., alcohol use, craving) during an attempt to inhibit over-learned smoking behavior. The within-subjects longitudinal design of the proposed project will generate new knowledge about change in impulsive choice and impulsive action, and the associations between these constructs over time, during an assisted behavior change attempt. The project will also generate new information about relations between real-time behavioral measures of impulsivity and affective states, environmental contexts, behaviors (including alcohol use) assessed in real time, and subsequent abstinence. The proposed research may help identify cognitive markers of successful change or risk that could be targeted in future interventions. The proposed research will combine addiction research with cognitive psychology and behavioral economics to fill an important gap in our understanding about dynamic changes in decisions and behaviors that may influence smoking behavior. Tracking preference for immediate versus delayed rewards and impulsive action during an attempt to quit smoking and may help us identify markers of successful cessation with implications for other substances of abuse, including alcohol.

描述（由申请人提供）：戒烟的表型标记：冲动选择和冲动行动本申请涉及广泛的挑战领域（01）：行为，行为改变和预防，以及特定的高优先级挑战主题01- aa -101识别积极行为改变的表型标记。拟议的项目将收集有关吸烟者行为改变的两种表型标记的时间增长模式的新信息，这些吸烟者试图通过个人戒烟咨询和尼古丁含片治疗戒烟。该项目还将生成有关酒精使用与试图戒烟的个人冲动选择和行动之间关系的实时数据。延迟折扣是一种对延迟奖励的贬值，在吸烟者中有记录，特别是在急性戒断期间。延迟折扣具有重要的、但以前未被探索过的含义，即试图戒烟的吸烟者必须做出暂时的决定，考虑到现在戒烟的价值，尽管戒烟带来的不适和强烈的渴望，为了在几年后获得健康益处。拟议的项目将检查在戒烟尝试前7天和戒烟尝试后的头21天内由掌上电脑每天评估的延迟折扣的日常波动，并将探索延迟折扣与随后的戒断之间的关系。受试者还将在研究中完成三次标准的、基于实验室的延迟折扣任务（戒烟前一周、目标戒烟日和戒烟后三周），这些任务将被评估为日后戒烟的预测因素。还将检查可能导致延迟折扣随时间变化的变量，例如饮酒、情感状态、获得香烟或认为戒烟对健康有益的确定性。除了冲动性选择的延迟折扣措施，拟议的项目还将管理一个评估冲动性行为的任务，go -no - go任务要求个人能够抑制阳性反应，这是一种与戒烟明显相关的能力。实验对象被指示在有刺激出现时敲击一个键，而当信号不存在时，就停止反应。到目前为止，还没有在戒烟过程中收集到有关冲动行为的实时数据。这个项目将产生新的信息，关于冲动行为的变化和与这些变化相关的因素（例如，酒精使用，渴望）在试图抑制过度学习吸烟行为。拟建项目的受试者内部纵向设计将产生关于冲动选择和冲动行为变化的新知识，以及在辅助行为改变尝试期间这些构念之间随时间的联系。该项目还将产生关于冲动和情感状态的实时行为测量、环境背景、实时评估的行为（包括饮酒）以及随后的戒断之间关系的新信息。这项提议的研究可能有助于确定成功改变或风险的认知标志，这些标志可能成为未来干预措施的目标。拟议的研究将把成瘾研究与认知心理学和行为经济学相结合，以填补我们对可能影响吸烟行为的决策和行为的动态变化的理解上的重要空白。在尝试戒烟的过程中，追踪对即时奖励和延迟奖励的偏好以及冲动行为，可能有助于我们识别成功戒烟的标志，这对其他滥用物质也有影响，包括酒精。