A Biochip For Point-Of-Care HIV/AIDS Diagnosis in the Developing World

用于发展中国家艾滋病毒/艾滋病即时诊断的生物芯片

• 批准号: 7849363
• 负责人: Nikolaos Chronis
• 金额: $ 231.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7849363
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV diagnosis; AIDS/HIV problem; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes; Cell Count; Cells; Cessation of life; Clinical; Clinics and Hospitals; Diagnostic; Diagnostic tests; Electricity; Flow Cytometry; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; Human; Human Resources; Image; Individual; Infection; Life; Medicine; Microfabrication; Monitor; Patients; Reading; Recording of previous events; Research Infrastructure; Resources; Surface; System; Technology; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Training; Whole Blood; World Health Organization; abstracting; base; biochip; cost; innovation; instrumentation; pandemic disease; point of care; programs; public health relevance

DESCRIPTION (Provided by the applicant) Abstract: HIV/AIDS is one of the most destructive pandemics in human history, responsible for more than 25 million deaths. More than 30 million people live with limited or no access to therapeutic treatments, mainly due to the high cost of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) and current diagnostic tests as well as due to the lack of basic infrastructure (e.g. lack of electricity, no trained personnel) that can support these tests. The need for innovative, inexpensive diagnostic instrumentation technology that can be used in resourcelimited settings is immediate. While programs that offer free HAART are being implemented in resource-limited settings, no diagnostic tests are available for evaluating the efficacy of HAART provided for the reasons mentioned above. Efficient management of HAART requires monitoring the course of HIV infection over time. The World Health Organization recommends the CD4+ T-cell count test for monitoring the clinical status of HIV individuals in resource-limited settings. We propose to develop a portable, inexpensive, MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems)-based, imaging system for counting the absolute number of CD4 cells from 1 ¿l of whole blood. We use the term 'imaging system' to denote the different approach we follow for counting CD4 cells: rather the reading one by one singles cells (as it is done with flow cytometry), our system can image simultaneously thousands of individual cells, pre-assembled on the surface of a biochip. Although the proposed imaging system can replace current expensive cell counting instrumentation, our goal is to develop a system that can reach the end-user wherever limited infrastructure is present and no access to a hospital or clinic is possible. Such technology will not only enable to monitor the efficacy of an individual's HAART in the developing world, but it will make more medicines available by identifying patients who need a treatment from patients who do not need it. Public Health Relevance: Diagnostic tests for HIV/AIDS management are not available in resource-limited settings. Taking advantages from recent advances in microfabrication technology, we propose to develop a portable, point-of-care, inexpensive biochip for monitoring the progress of HIV/AIDS infection in patients residing in resource-limited settings.

描述（由申请人提供） 翻译后摘要：艾滋病毒/艾滋病是人类历史上最具破坏性的流行病之一，负责超过25万人死亡。3000多万人的治疗机会有限或根本得不到治疗，主要原因是高效抗逆转录病毒疗法和目前的诊断检测费用高昂，以及缺乏支持这些检测的基本基础设施（例如缺乏电力、没有受过培训的人员）。迫切需要创新的、廉价的、可用于资源有限环境的诊断仪器技术。虽然在资源有限的情况下正在实施提供免费HAART的方案，但由于上述原因，没有诊断测试可用于评估HAART的功效。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法的有效管理需要监测艾滋病毒感染的过程。世界卫生组织建议在资源有限的环境中使用CD 4 + T细胞计数检测来监测艾滋病毒感染者的临床状况。我们建议开发一种便携式，廉价的，基于MEMS（微机电系统）的成像系统，用于从1升全血中计数CD 4细胞的绝对数量。我们使用术语“成像系统”来表示我们遵循的计数CD 4细胞的不同方法：而不是逐个阅读单个细胞（如流式细胞术所做的那样），我们的系统可以同时对预先组装在生物芯片表面上的数千个单个细胞进行成像。虽然所提出的成像系统可以取代目前昂贵的细胞计数仪器，我们的目标是开发一个系统，可以达到终端用户，无论是有限的基础设施存在，没有进入医院或诊所是可能的。这种技术不仅能够监测发展中国家个体高效抗逆转录病毒疗法的疗效，而且还将通过识别需要治疗的患者和不需要治疗的患者，提供更多的药物。 与公共卫生的相关性：在资源有限的情况下，没有艾滋病毒/艾滋病管理的诊断测试。利用微加工技术的最新进展，我们建议开发一种便携式，即时护理，廉价的生物芯片，用于监测居住在资源有限的环境中的患者的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染的进展。