Indices of Lexical Access During Idiom Comprehension

习语理解过程中的词汇访问指数

• 批准号: 8061567
• 负责人: Kathleen Brumm
• 金额: $ 2.82万
• 依托单位: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8061567
• 关键词: Acquired Language Disorders; Affect; Age; Anomia; Aphasia; Auditory; Broca Aphasia; Characteristics; Cognitive; Comprehension; Control Groups; Cross-Priming; Disease; Educational Status; Elements; Emotional; Employee Strikes; Family; Functional disorder; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Language; Language Disorders; Left; Literature; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modification; Outcome; Participant; Patients; Pattern; Population; Process; Psycholinguistics; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Sleep; Staging; Stroke; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Time Study; United States; Work; aphasic; auditory comprehension; clinical practice; cognitive system; hemisphere damage; impression; indexing; insight; lexical; lexical processing; phrases; processing speed; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; remediation; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project examines spoken language comprehension in individuals with aphasia, a language disorder acquired subsequent to stroke. There are several sub-types of aphasia, each with characteristic language impairments; this project specifically examines auditory sentence comprehension in Broca's aphasia. Prior research in the field has utilized both on-line methods, which are temporally-sensitive and examine the moment-by-moment cognitive processes of comprehension, as well as off-line methods, which are temporally- insensitive and examine the outcome of comprehension. From this prior work, a hypothesis has been put forward that an on-line lexical (word-level) processing deficit in Broca's aphasia underlies off-line comprehension impairments in this population. In particular, the current proposal investigates a theoretical assertion that lexical processing is delayed in Broca's aphasia, as compared to lexical processing in healthy listeners. The current proposal undertakes an investigation of the time course of lexical processing in Broca's aphasia by utilizing idiomatic phrases (IPs), which are argued to be long lexical items that have multiple meanings (literal and figurative). For instance, the IP 'hit the sack' is associated with a figurative meaning (i.e. 'to go to sleep'), but each word in this phrase also carries an independent literal meaning (i.e. 'strike' and 'bag'). IPs is used in the current study because prior research with unimpaired listeners indicates that these healthy individuals lexically process both the literal and the figurative meanings of an IP, but on slightly offset time scales. That is, typical listeners begin to lexically process the figurative meaning of an IP slightly prior to lexically processing the literal meaning. This temporal discrepancy motivates the current proposal, and will allow a close examination of the time course of lexical access in Broca's aphasia. This project embeds IPs in auditory sentence contexts and, using on-line methodology, examines moment- by-moment lexical processing in Broca's aphasia for the IP's meanings during auditory comprehension. The goals of this project are: 1) to determine whether lexical processing is delayed for one or both meanings of an IP in Broca's aphasia during auditory sentence comprehension; 2) to question whether lexical items with multiple meanings (i.e. IPs) incite delayed lexical processing, or if lexical processing is inherently delayed; and 3) to investigate off-line comprehension of IPs in Broca's aphasia. The outcomes of the current project will inform theoretical models of language comprehension deficits in Broca's aphasia, by providing insight into the processing mechanisms that underlie these impairments. This project may also inform treatment of Broca's aphasia, by highlighting the specific elements of language (i.e. lexical processing speed) that should be targeted for remediation. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Aphasia, an acquired language disorder that is typically caused by a stroke, may affect over one million individuals in the United States. This disorder can impair the ways in which an individual understands and interacts with those around them, and has significant communicative, emotional, and financial consequences for patients and families. This project seeks to better understand language comprehension impairments in individuals with aphasia, and the findings will ultimately carry implications for treatment of the disorder.

描述(由申请者提供)：这个项目考察了失语症患者的口语理解能力，失语症是中风后获得的一种语言障碍。失语症有几种亚型，每一种都有典型的语言障碍；这个项目专门研究布罗卡失语症的听觉句子理解。这一领域的研究既使用了在线方法和离线方法，前者是时间敏感的，考察理解的认知过程，后者是时间不敏感的，考察理解的结果。从前人的工作中，提出了一个假设，即Broca失语症的在线词汇(单词水平)加工缺陷是该人群离线理解障碍的基础。特别是，当前的提案调查了一个理论断言，即与健康听者的词汇加工相比，布罗卡失语症患者的词汇加工是延迟的。本研究利用习语对Broca失语症患者的词汇加工过程进行了研究。习语被认为是具有多种意义(字面意义和比喻意义)的长词。例如，IP‘Hit the Sack’与比喻意义(即‘去睡觉’)相关，但这个短语中的每个单词也带有独立的字面含义(即‘Strike’和‘Bag’)。在目前的研究中使用IPS是因为之前对未受损的听者的研究表明，这些健康的人在词汇上同时处理IP的字面意义和比喻意义，但在略有偏差的时间尺度上。也就是说，典型的听者在词汇加工字面意义之前就开始对IP的比喻意义进行词汇加工。这种时间差异激发了目前的提议，并将允许仔细检查Broca失语症患者词汇通达的时间进程。这个项目将IP嵌入到听觉句子语境中，并使用在线方法，检查Broca失语症患者在听觉理解过程中对IP意义的逐时词汇加工。本研究的目的是：1)确定Broca失语症患者在听觉性句子理解过程中是否因IP的一个或两个意义而导致词汇加工延迟；2)探讨具有多个意义的词汇项(即IP)是否引起延迟的词汇加工，或者词汇加工是否固有延迟；以及3)调查Broca失语症患者对IP的离线理解。本项目的结果将为布罗卡氏失语症语言理解缺陷的理论模型提供信息，为这些障碍背后的加工机制提供洞察力。该项目还可以通过突出语言的具体元素(即词汇处理速度)来为布罗卡失语症的治疗提供信息，这些语言元素应该作为补救的目标。 公共卫生相关性：失语症是一种获得性语言障碍，通常由中风引起，在美国可能会影响100多万人。这种障碍会损害个人理解和与周围人互动的方式，并对患者和家人造成重大的沟通、情感和经济后果。该项目旨在更好地了解失语症患者的语言理解障碍，这一发现最终将对该障碍的治疗产生影响。