Bidirectional Relations of Emotionality and Parenting to Child Psychopathology

描述(由申请人提供)：情绪调节失调已被确定为精神病理学发展的关键因素(Cicchetti，Ackerman，&Izard，1995)，而情绪调节缺陷是许多形式的精神障碍的核心组成部分(DelCarmen-Wiggins，2008)。鉴于它的重要性，了解导致情绪失调发展的因素对于识别精神病理学发展的潜在机制至关重要。父母的教养方式被认为是儿童情绪反应和调节策略的关键预测因素(Eisenberg，Cumberland，&Spinrad，1998)和潜在的干预目标。本研究旨在探讨情绪反应的生理指标呼吸性窦性心律不齐(RSA)与父母教养方式之间的双向效应。更具体地说，我们建议研究RSA的初始水平和变化如何预测幼儿的焦虑、抑郁和破坏性行为问题，以及父母如何随着时间的推移塑造儿童的RSA。此外，儿童的认知自我调节可能与情绪反应相互作用，从而放大情绪失调的影响。因此，我们将考虑这些过程可能如何随着儿童自我调节水平的不同而变化，确定注意力和认知控制如何限制或放大情绪反应与父母养育和精神病理的关系。在这项拟议的研究中，我们将对174名3岁儿童及其母亲进行3个时间点的评估。三分之二的家庭将来自低收入或贫困家庭，这与更高的压力和家庭中断有关。因此，预计儿童患心理健康问题的风险将会增加。拟议研究的优点包括使用生理学和观察性测量方法以及纵向定量方法。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的项目旨在通过确定与精神健康问题的出现有关的生理和环境机制来实现国家精神健康研究所的战略规划目标，从而提高我们预测精神病理学发展和确定干预目标的能力。重要的是，这项研究建议在快速发展(生理和行为)和神经生理可塑性增强的时期检查这些机制。此外，考虑个体和环境因素在精神病理学发展中的相互作用可能会提供重要的知识，使干预措施的有效性最大化。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emotion dysregulation has been identified as a critical factor in the development of psychopathology (Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995), and deficits in emotion regulation are a core component of many forms of mental disorders (DelCarmen-Wiggins, 2008). Given its importance, understanding factors that contribute to the development of emotion dysregulation is essential for identifying mechanisms underlying the development of psychopathology. Parents' rearing behaviors have been identified as key predictors of children's emotional reactivity and regulation strategies (Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad, 1998) and potential targets of intervention. This study aims to examine bidirectional effects between respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a physiological indicator of emotional reactivity, and parents' rearing behaviors. More specifically, we propose to examine how initial levels and changes in RSA predict anxiety, depression, and disruptive behavior problems in young children, and how parenting shapes children's RSA over time. In addition, children's cognitive self- regulation may interact with emotional reactivity, serving to amplify the effects of emotional dysregulation. Thus, we will consider how these processes may vary across levels of children's self-regulation, identifying how attention and cognitive control may constrain or amplify the relation of emotional reactivity to parenting and psychopathology. In the proposed research, we will assess 174 3-year-old children and their mothers across 3 time points. Two-thirds of families will be from low income or impoverished households, which is associated with higher levels of stress and family disruptions. Therefore, it is expected that children will be at elevated risk for mental health problems. Strengths of the proposed study include the use of physiological and observational measures and longitudinal quantitative methods. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project aims to meet the strategic planning goals of the National Institute of Mental Health by identifying physiological and environmental mechanisms implicated in the emergence of mental health problems, thereby increasing our ability to predict the development of psychopathology and identify targets for intervention. Importantly, this study proposes to examine these mechanisms during a period of rapid development (physiologically and behaviorally) and heightened neurophysiological plasticity. In addition, consideration of the interplay of individual and environment factors in the development of psychopathology may provide important knowledge that maximizes the effectiveness of interventions.