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Bistability and alternating streams during perceptual ambiguity

感知模糊期间的双稳定性和交替流

基本信息

批准号：
8102637
负责人：
JOHN M RINZEL
金额：
$ 13.75万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-04-01 至 2012-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8102637
关键词：
Acoustics Audiology Auditory Auditory Perception Auditory area Auditory system Back Behavior Behavioral Binocular rivalry Brain Stem Cells Cochlear Implants Communication Computer Simulation Cues Data Analyses Detection Doctor of Philosophy Educational process of instructing Environment Familiarity Ferrets Figs - dietary Frequencies Funding Goals Hearing Human In Vitro Investigation Knowledge Lead Learning Left Link Literature Maryland Medicine Mentors Mentorship Modality Modeling Neurobiology Neurons Noise Output Pattern Perception Periodicity Play Population Postdoctoral Fellow Process Property Prosthesis Psychoacoustics Psychophysics Psychophysiology Ramp Reading Recruitment Activity Research Research Project Grants Role Sound Localization Stimulus Stream Students System Testing Time Training Triplet Multiple Birth Universities Vision Visual Work base career college design experience hearing impairment improved insight meetings millisecond models and simulation neurobiological mechanism neuromechanism neurophysiology patch clamp programs research study response segregation skills sound

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): My goal, as an established computational neuroscientist, is to augment my research program by acquiring new research skills and knowledge that will enable me to formulate and to answer questions relevant to auditory perception, specifically auditory streaming, and neurobiological mechanisms thereof. My career since receiving my PhD (1973) has involved computational modeling, simulation and application of nonlinear dynamical systems concepts, primarily at the cell and circuit level to identify basic mechanisms of cell and circuit dynamics: integration and input/output properties such as rhythmicity and bistability. I have dedicated most of my funded research efforts since the late-1990s to understanding issues in auditory temporal processing -- working steadily on computational modeling and (directing but not performing) in vitro patch-clamp experiments, primarily on the biophysical mechanisms of neurons in the auditory brain stem; they show exquisite ability for sub-millisecond coincidence detection for the neuronal computation of sound-localization Recently, through a collaborative research experience, I have worked with models of perceptual bistability for ambiguous visual scenes. It has been satisfying and successful and it has motivated me to acquire knowledge and skills for investigating perceptual scene issues in the auditory modality. Furthermore, while the stimuli for studying visual perceptual bistability are typically stationary, in the auditory modality, stimuli are naturally dynamic: sound is changing and therefore the structural features or cues of an "auditory object" are evolving. How we identify and track in time these features lead to compelling questions about dynamical mechanisms. I am motivated to apply dynamical systems concepts and mechanistic modeling to the streaming problem and I am enthused about investigations on the perceptual/behavioral level, a quite different level from my past research. In the long term, I plan to seek funds as a PI for recruiting, training, working with students/postdocs in auditory streaming and perception, for both modeling and psychophysical experiments. I expect to have access to an existing sound-proof acoustic chamber here at NYU for behavioral experiments. Specifically, I plan to study and work, guided by the mentorship of highly regarded auditory systems neuroscientists, to: (1) acquire foundational knowledge, literature familiarity, working communication skills, and (2) acquire the experimental know-how to design, carry-out, and supervise psychophysical experiments and computational modeling in the area of auditory streaming. My mentors will be: Dr. Elyse Sussman of Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Dr. Shihab Shamma of the University of Maryland, College Park. I will learn about design, implementation and data analysis of human psychophysics experiments for streaming, primarily, from Sussman and her staff, so that I can perform these experiments independently - including the experimental component of my research project. From Shamma, I will learn, in addition, about neurophysiological experiments on ferrets (auditory cortex) and about modeling and data analysis for his ongoing streaming research. Shamma's expertise will be valuable for the modeling component of my research project to develop mechanistic models for bistability in streaming. The process for learning background and empirical bases with both mentors will involve my reading of foundational literature, regular discussions with mentors, participating in lab meetings, and sitting-in on experiments. I plan to participate in a grad-level course at the Univ of MD in Psychoacoustics (Experimental Audiology) taught annually by Monita Chatterjee. My research strategy involves two linked components, computational modeling and experimental psychophysics, on the dynamics of auditory streaming for a potentially ambiguous stimulus. The stimulus consists of two tone-sequences of different frequencies (frequency difference, DF) and interleaved with presentation rate (PR): say, A_B_A__A_B_A__A_B_A__A_B_A__.... The subject may perceive the A- sequence and B-sequence as distinct (segregated, two streams) or as a unit (integrated, one stream) depending on the values of DF and PR; 2 streams if DF or PR is large. For long presentations, the perceptions may alternate in time (durations of a few seconds) (Pressnitzer & Hupe, 2006). My primary hypothesis is that bistability underlies the random perceptual alternations between integration and segregation and that these correspond to two near-steady states of neuronal activity and alternations correspond to random switching between the two states. Furthermore, the two states may be demonstrated directly by a slow- up-then-down stimulus ramp that we will test with models and experiments. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: People who have hearing loss or wear cochlear implants have difficulty listening to or selecting one voice in noisy environments. The results of our work on auditory perception will help elucidate neural mechanisms that make it possible to segregate sounds and hear distinct sound streams. These insights could help with developing prosthetics that ultimately could improve this ability in hearing impaired users.

描述（由申请人提供）：我的目标，作为一个既定的计算神经科学家，是通过获得新的研究技能和知识，使我能够制定和回答有关听觉感知，特别是听觉流，及其神经生物学机制的问题，以扩大我的研究计划。自从获得博士学位（1973年）以来，我的职业生涯涉及非线性动力系统概念的计算建模，模拟和应用，主要是在细胞和电路层面，以确定细胞和电路动力学的基本机制：集成和输入/输出特性，如节律性和双稳态。自20世纪90年代末以来，我一直致力于我资助的大部分研究工作，以了解听觉时间处理的问题-稳定地进行计算建模，（指导但不执行）体外膜片钳实验，主要是关于听觉脑干神经元的生物物理机制;它们显示出用于声音定位的神经元计算的亚毫秒符合检测的精湛能力最近，通过合作研究经验，我曾经研究过模糊视觉场景的感知双稳态模型。这是令人满意的和成功的，它激励我获得知识和技能，调查感知场景问题的听觉通道。此外，虽然用于研究视觉感知双稳态的刺激通常是静止的，但在听觉模态中，刺激自然是动态的：声音在变化，因此“听觉对象”的结构特征或线索在演变。我们如何及时识别和跟踪这些特征导致了关于动力机制的引人注目的问题。我的动机是应用动态系统的概念和机械建模的流问题，我热衷于调查的感知/行为水平，从我过去的研究相当不同的水平。从长远来看，我计划寻求资金作为一个PI招聘，培训，与学生/博士后在听觉流和感知，建模和心理物理实验。我希望能进入纽约大学现有的隔音室进行行为实验。具体来说，我计划学习和工作，由备受推崇的听觉系统神经科学家的指导，以：（1）获得基础知识，文献熟悉度，工作沟通技巧，（2）获得实验知识，设计，执行，并监督心理物理实验和听觉流领域的计算建模。我的导师将是：爱因斯坦医学院的Elyse Sussman博士和马里兰州大学帕克分校的Shihab Shamma博士。我将学习设计，实施和数据分析的人类心理物理学实验流，主要是从萨斯曼和她的工作人员，这样我就可以独立地执行这些实验-包括我的研究项目的实验部分。此外，我还将从Shamma那里了解雪貂（听觉皮层）的神经生理学实验，以及他正在进行的流媒体研究的建模和数据分析。Shamma的专业知识将是我的研究项目的建模组件，以开发流中的双稳态机制模型的价值。与两位导师一起学习背景知识和经验基础的过程将包括我阅读基础文献，与导师定期讨论，参加实验室会议，并参加实验。我计划参加一个研究生水平的课程，在医学博士大学的心理声学（实验听力学），每年教的Dalla Chatterjee。我的研究策略涉及两个相关的组成部分，计算建模和实验心理物理学，对一个潜在的模糊刺激的听觉流的动态。刺激由两个不同频率（频率差，DF）的音调序列组成，并与呈现速率（PR）交错：例如，A_B_A__A_B_A__A_B_A__A_B_A_.受试者可以根据DF和PR的值将A序列和B序列感知为不同的（分离的，两个流）或作为一个单元（整合的，一个流）;如果DF或PR大，则感知为2个流。对于长时间的演示，感知可能会在时间上交替（几秒钟的持续时间）（Pressnitzer & Hessels，2006）。我的主要假设是，双稳态的基础上的随机感知交替之间的整合和隔离，这些对应于两个近稳态的神经元活动和交替对应于随机切换之间的两个状态。此外，这两种状态可以通过我们将用模型和实验测试的缓慢上升然后下降的刺激斜坡直接证明。公共卫生相关性：听力损失或佩戴人工耳蜗的人在嘈杂的环境中很难听到或选择一种声音。我们对听觉感知的研究结果将有助于阐明神经机制，使分离声音和听到不同的声音流成为可能。这些见解可以帮助开发假肢，最终可以提高听力受损用户的这种能力。