SIRT1 and the control of neuronal survival

描述(申请人提供)：神经退行性疾病的一个共同特征是由于细胞凋亡的激活而导致神经元的异常和过度丢失。许多参与促进或抑制神经元凋亡的分子已经被识别出来，这些分子正在被组织起来，作为信号转导通路的组成部分。这项建议的重点是sirtuins，这是一种脱乙酰酶家族，由于它们在包括调节神经退行性变在内的各种不同生物过程中的作用，因此是深入研究的主题。像其他一些实验室一样，我们发现sirtuin蛋白之一SIRT1可以保护神经元免受凋亡。但与以前的研究结论相反，我们发现SIRT1的神经保护是由一种新的非催化机制介导的。该提案的目的是用多管齐下的方法来阐明SIRT1发挥神经保护作用的新机制。其具体目的是：(1)确定SIRT1内介导神经保护的区域，(2)确定SIRT1在神经元中的下游靶点和作用机制，(3)利用质谱学识别神经元中与SIRT1相互作用的蛋白。这项研究的长期目标是开发新的和有效的策略来防止神经退行性病变中的细胞死亡。 公共卫生相关性：神经系统疾病扰乱了患者的生活质量，每年给社会造成数十亿美元的损失。虽然许多神经系统疾病都有对症治疗，但目前还没有治愈方法。识别调节神经元存活的分子并了解它们的作用机制将导致开发更有效的治疗策略。我们的建议关注的是SIRT1，一种保护神经元免受退化的蛋白质。我们希望，我们提出的研究结果将有助于深入了解SIRT1如何发挥其神经保护作用，从而为防止神经退行性疾病中的神经元丢失提供新的策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A common feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the aberrant and excessive loss of neurons by activation of apoptosis. Numerous molecules involved in the promotion or inhibition of neuronal apoptosis have been identified and these are being organized as components of signal transduction pathways. This proposal focuses on sirtuins, a family of deacetylating enzymes that are the subject of intense investigation because of their role in a variety of different biological processes including the regulation of neurodegeneration. Like some other labs, we have found that one of the sirtuin proteins, SIRT1, protects neurons from apoptosis. But contrary to the conclusions of previous studies, we find that neuroprotection by SIRT1 is mediated by a novel, non-catalytic mechanism. The objective of the proposal is to use a multi- pronged approach to elucidate the novel mechanism by which SIRT1 exerts its neuroprotective action. The specific aims are - (1) to identify the region within SIRT1 that mediates neuroprotection, (2) to identify downstream targets and mechanism of SIRT1 action in neurons, and (3) to identify SIRT1-interacting proteins in neurons using mass-spectrometry. The long term goal of this research is to develop novel and effective strategies to prevent cell death in neurodegenerative pathologies. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Neurological diseases disrupt the quality of life for patients and cost society billions of dollars annually. While symptomatic treatments are available for many neurological diseases, a cure is not presently available. Identifying molecules that regulate neuronal survival and understanding the mechanism by which they act would lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. Our proposal focuses on SIRT1, a protein that protects neurons from degeneration. It is our hope that the results from the studies we propose will shed insight into how SIRT1 exerts its neuroprotective effect and thus provide novel strategies to prevent neuronal loss in neurodegenerative conditions.