Cortical Responses to Cochlear Implant Stimulation

皮质对人工耳蜗植入刺激的反应

• 批准号: 8063602
• 负责人: LUKE Aaron JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 4.18万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-08 至 2013-04-07
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8063602
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustics; Acute; Address; Anesthesia procedures; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Callithrix; Callithrix jacchus jacchus; Cavia; Chronic; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Code; Communication; Electric Stimulation; Environment; Esthesia; Ethics; Evaluation; Face; Failure; Felis catus; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Grant; Head and Neck Surgery; Hearing; Human; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Maps; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Music; Neurons; Otolaryngology; Pattern; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Physiology; Play; Procedures; Process; Production; Property; Publications; Pulse Rates; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Role; Scheme; Signal Transduction; Site; Specificity; Speech; Stimulus; Students; Techniques; Technology; Time; Time Study; Training; Work; Writing; abstracting; auditory feedback; awake; base; hearing impairment; interest; neural patterning; neural prosthesis; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; pre-doctoral; relating to nervous system; research study; response; restoration; sound; speech processing; success

Project Summary/Abstract: The long-term goal of this project is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying restored hearing by cochlear implants (CI). We propose a new non-human primate model for CI research, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Marmosets have a rich vocal repertoire, are highly communicative, and can potentially be used to study vocal production and auditory feedback mechanisms related to speech processing in CI subjects. Its hearing range is similar to that of humans and its auditory cortex shares similar organizations as humans, making it a valuable model to address issues in CI research pertaining to human users. As a first step towards our long term goal, we will examine the basic response properties of neurons in marmoset AC to electrical stimulation of the cochlea using both acute and chronic recording techniques. Aim 1 is to map activation areas in AC elicited by acoustic tone and electric current pulse stimuli. First, neural activity will be recorded from many sites across the tonotopic axis of primary AC in response to acoustic stimuli. The animal will then be deafened and implanted with a multi-channel CI electrode, and similar mapping will be conducted in response to electric stimulation. Activity patterns across AC in response to acoustic and electric stimuli will be compared, and the specificity and cochlear frequency-place areas of stimulation will be assessed. To allow for complete mapping in a short amount of time, this study will be done acutely in anesthetized marmosets. Because no one has ever attempted CI in marmosets, the experiments proposed in Aim 1 are necessary for us to establish this new CI model. Clinical CI processors use modulated pulse trains to transmit temporal features important in speech, so it is of great interest how such signals are represented in the brain. Since anesthesia influences temporal processing of cortical neurons, Aim 2 is to study the neural representation of temporally modulated electric pulse trains in awake, chronically implanted marmosets. The results of these aims will help elucidate brain processes involved in electric hearing, and establish the marmoset as a viable model for future CI research. The research and training goals in this grant define a year-by-year plan for the applicant that help prepare him to become an independent and successful academic researcher. The methods and procedures he will learn will allow him to (a) perform and critically analyze auditory research, (b) disseminate knowledge through written publications, (c) orally communicate research findings, (d) organize research goals through grant writing, and (e) conduct proper research practices through continued ethics training. To complete these objectives, the pre-doctoral student will be closely mentored by two sponsors in the Dept of Biomedical Engineering and Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery. A detailed plan for training and mentorship is presented.

项目概要/摘要： 该项目的长期目标是了解人工耳蜗植入（CI）恢复听力的神经机制。我们提出了一个新的非人灵长类动物模型CI研究，普通绒猴（Callithrix jacchus）。绒猴具有丰富的声音库，是高度沟通的，并可能被用来研究语音生产和听觉反馈机制相关的语音处理CI科目。它的听力范围与人类相似，其听觉皮层与人类共享类似的组织，使其成为解决与人类用户有关的CI研究问题的有价值的模型。 作为实现我们长期目标的第一步，我们将使用急性和慢性记录技术研究绒猴AC神经元对耳蜗电刺激的基本反应特性。目的一是绘制声音和电流脉冲刺激诱发的AC激活区。首先，神经活动将被记录从许多网站跨越tonotopic轴的初级AC响应于声学刺激。然后将对动物进行电刺激并植入多通道CI电极，并响应于电刺激进行类似的标测。将比较AC响应于声刺激和电刺激的活动模式，并评估刺激的特异性和耳蜗频率-位置区域。为了在短时间内完成完整的标测，本研究将在麻醉的绒猴中进行。由于还没有人在绒猴中尝试过CI，因此目标1中提出的实验对于我们建立这种新的CI模型是必要的。 临床CI处理器使用调制脉冲串来传输语音中重要的时间特征，因此这些信号如何在大脑中表示是非常有趣的。由于麻醉影响皮层神经元的时间处理，目的2是研究清醒的，长期植入的绒猴的时间调制的电脉冲序列的神经代表。这些目标的结果将有助于阐明大脑过程中涉及的电听觉，并建立作为一个可行的模型，为未来的CI研究的绒猴。 该补助金的研究和培训目标为申请人制定了一个逐年计划，帮助他成为一名独立和成功的学术研究人员。他将学习的方法和程序将使他能够（a）执行和批判性地分析听觉研究，（B）通过书面出版物传播知识，（c）口头交流研究结果，（d）通过撰写补助金组织研究目标，以及（e）通过持续的道德培训进行适当的研究实践。为了完成这些目标，博士前的学生将由生物医学工程和耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科系的两个赞助商密切指导。详细的培训和指导计划。