Individual Differences in Smoking Exposure and Nicotine Dependence Sensitivity

描述（申请人提供）：本次竞争性修订旨在扩大父母补助金，通过使用创新方法对尼古丁依赖（ND）症状进行深入和严格的心理测量评估（综合数据分析：IDA）汇集父母补助金中使用的两个研究数据集，并使用汇集的数据，应用一种新的统计方法（适度非线性因素分析：MNLFA），以评估ND症状的心理测量学特性，从三个常用的尼古丁依赖的措施：DSM-IV，尼古丁依赖综合征量表（NDSS），和修改的Fagerstrom耐受性问卷（FTQ）。在过去，由于样本量、异质性和ND基本率的增加，结合物质使用数据集以获得更强大的假设检验一直是令人望而却步的，主要是因为在测量结构的方式上存在跨研究的差异。然而，IDA是一种汇集数据集的方法，尽管研究人群、设计和测量存在差异。IDA允许更强大，更全面，更严格的研究比可以通过独立研究单个研究数据集实现。此外，新的统计方法（MNLFA）已经开发，允许测试的相似性（不变性）在ND症状属性（在症状如何与基础ND结构和他们的可能性背书在不同层次的结构）跨研究和措施，以及允许同时评估的不变性作为一个功能的个人风险因素。拟议的研究在几个方面扩展了父母的研究。首先，它提出了两个新的目标：1）对ND症状进行严格的心理测量分析，以测试汇总数据集上研究的不变性，2）测试这些症状作为抑郁症和酒精使用障碍的函数的不变性。这种心理测量评估将告知ND和这些个体风险因素的测量差异如何影响ND结构的意义和随后的评分。最后，第三个目标是使用组合ND症状评分为每个人，从模型测试的前两个目标，交叉验证的具体目标的父母补助金吸烟暴露和尼古丁敏感性之间的关系。其目的是通过使用新的ND评分对母研究假设进行更有力的检验，尽管测量和其他研究特征存在差异，但该评分在研究中具有共同的度量标准，并考虑到症状的心理测量学特性作为抑郁症和酒精使用障碍的函数的潜在差异。该应用程序具有显著的潜力，通过应用新的和创新的方法学和统计学方法来推进OppNet的目标，以通过识别ND症状来推进和优化ND的测量，尽管研究设计和测量存在差异，但ND症状在研究中是不变的。结果可以告知ND的测量以及来自不同ND测量的症状可以组合以开发ND的最佳测量的程度。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究将提供对年轻吸烟者尼古丁依赖症状测量的更好理解。这项拟议的研究预计将为进一步开发一种简短但高度准确的评估提供信息，以确定那些持续吸烟和重度吸烟风险最大的年轻吸烟者，并为这些年轻吸烟者提供有针对性的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competitive revision seeks to expand on the parent grant to provide an in-depth and rigorous psychometric evaluation of nicotine dependence (ND) symptoms by using an innovative method (Integrative Data Analysis: IDA) to pool the two study data sets used in the parent grant and, using the pooled data, apply a novel statistical method (Moderated Nonlinear Factor Analysis: MNLFA) to evaluate the psychometric properties of ND symptoms from three commonly used measures of nicotine dependence: the DSM-IV, the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), and the modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ). In the past, combining substance use data sets to obtain more powerful tests of hypotheses due to increases in sample size, heterogeneity, and base rates of ND, has been prohibitive primarily because of differences across studies in the ways in which constructs are measured. However, IDA is a method for pooling data sets despite differences in study populations, design, and measures. IDA permits considerably more powerful, more comprehensive, and more rigorous studies than can be achieved by studying single study data sets independently. Furthermore, new statistical methods (MNLFA) have been developed that permit tests of similarity (invariance) in ND symptom properties (in terms of how the symptoms relate to the underlying ND construct and their likelihood of endorsement at different levels of the construct) across studies and measures, as well as permitting a simultaneous evaluation of invariance as a function of individual risk factors. The proposed research extends the parent study in several ways. First, it proposes two new aims: 1) to conduct a rigorous psychometric analysis of ND symptoms to test invariance across studies on the pooled data set and 2) to test invariance of these symptoms as a function of depression and alcohol use disorders. This psychometric evaluation will inform how differences in measures of ND and these individual risk factors influence the meaning and subsequent scoring of an ND construct. Finally, a third aim is to use a combined ND symptom score for each individual, resulting from the models tested in the first two aims, to cross validate the specific aims of the parent grant regarding the relation between smoking exposure and nicotine sensitivity. The purpose is to conduct a more powerful test of the parent study hypotheses by using this new ND score that has a common metric across studies despite differences in measurement and other study characteristics and that takes into account potential differences in the psychometric properties of the symptoms as a function of depression and alcohol use disorders. This application has significant potential to advance the goals of OppNet through application of new and innovative methodological and statistical methods to advance and optimize the measurement of ND by identifying ND symptoms that are invariant across studies despite differences in study design and measures. Results can inform the measurement of ND and the extent to which symptoms from different ND measures can be combined to develop an optimal measure of ND. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research will provide a greater understanding of the measurement of nicotine dependence symptoms in young smokers. The proposed research is expected to inform further development of a brief but highly accurate assessment to identify young smokers who are at greatest risk for continued and heavier smoking and to inform targeted interventions for these young smokers.