Cortical substrates for processing auditory feedback during vocalization

描述（由申请人提供）：人类的交流依赖于听觉来理解他人的语言，并监控、学习和保持自己的语言。在嘈杂的声环境中，通过听觉反馈听到自己的言语是维持正常言语的关键。理解听觉皮层的听觉-运动相互作用对于理解听觉在发声感知和产生中的作用至关重要。在人类和非人类灵长类动物的共同现象中，听觉皮层的神经活动在发声前和发声过程中受到抑制。这种发声诱导的抑制可能反映了一个必然的放电信号，涉及到一个人在嘈杂环境中对自己声音的皮层表征或纠正发声错误。虽然有证据表明，处理交流声音的吻侧和侧区域的功能专门化，但专门处理自我产生的发声的听觉皮层区域尚未被描述。间接证据表明，从运动前皮层投射的神经元激活了听觉皮层的抑制性中间神经元，但是否有这种或另一种途径将发声诱导的抑制传递到听觉皮层尚无明确证据。目的1将验证在发声过程中听觉皮层的带状和副带状区域的神经元被优先抑制的假设。目的2将验证发声诱导的听觉皮层抑制是由发声相关的前运动皮层的神经信号引起的这一假设。本研究的目的是进一步了解非人灵长类动物大脑在主动听觉过程中处理听觉反馈的神经基质。这些研究的发现将阐明听觉皮层中感觉运动整合的神经回路，并有助于更好地理解听力损失和人工耳蜗患者的语言障碍、口吃和学习语言等交流障碍的原因。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human communication relies on hearing sensation to interpret other's speech and to monitor, learn, and maintain one's own speech. Hearing one's own speech through auditory feedback is crucial to maintain normal speech in noisy acoustic environment. Understanding auditory-motor interactions in auditory cortex is essential to understanding the role of hearing in vocalization perception and production. In a phenomenon common to human and non-human primates, neural activity in auditory cortex is suppressed before and during vocalization. This vocalization-induced suppression may reflect a corollary discharge signal involved in cortical representation of one's own voice in a noisy environment or correcting vocal errors. While there is evidence for functional specialization of rostral and laterl regions for processing communication sounds, auditory cortex regions specialized for processing self-produced vocalizations have not been described. Indirect evidence suggests that neurons projecting from premotor cortex activate inhibitory interneurons in auditory cortex, but there is not clear evidence whether this or another pathway delivers vocalization-induced suppression to auditory cortex. Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that neurons in belt and parabelt regions of auditory cortex are preferentially suppressed during vocalization. Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that vocalization-induced suppression in auditory cortex is caused by neural signals from vocalization-related premotor cortex The goal of the proposed research is to further our understanding of the neural substrates for processing auditory feedback during active hearing in the non-human primate brain. Findings from the proposed studies will elucidate the neural circuitry for sensorimotor integration in auditory cortex and help better understand causes of communication disorders such as speech disorders, stuttering, and learning speech in hearing loss and cochlear implant patients.