Addressing Oral Health Literacy among Mexican Immigrants

提高墨西哥移民的口腔健康素养

• 批准号: 8679992
• 负责人: NANCY J. BURKE
• 金额: $ 19.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-20 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8679992
• 关键词: Access to Information; Accounting; Address; Adult; Age; Area; Behavior; Belief; Catchment Area; Child; Cultural Backgrounds; Data; Dental; Dental Care; Dental Health Services; Dental caries; Development; Dimensions; Education; Educational Curriculum; Educational Intervention; Environment; Ethnic group; Ethnography; Evaluation; Family; Fluorides; Foundations; Future; Goals; Group Interviews; Habits; Health; Health behavior; Health education; Healthcare; Home environment; Immigrant; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Language; Latino; Learning; Location; Low income; Mexican; Mexican Americans; Mexico; Minority Groups; Mouth Diseases; National Health Interview Survey; Navigation System; Nursery Schools; Observational Study; Oral health; Parents; Perception; Population; Process; Public Health; Public Health Dentistry; Race; Reporting; Research; Rural; San Francisco; Self Care; Series; Site; Source; Staging; Students; System; Testing; Toothbrushing; Toothpaste; Trust; United States; Visit; base; care systems; cost effective; disorder prevention; early childhood; experience; grasp; health disparity; health literacy; high risk; prevent; programs; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; skills; socioeconomics; toothbrush

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The fastest-growing and largest minority group in the United States, Latino immigrants accounted for 16% of the nation's population in 2010 and are projected to represent 30% by 2050.1,2 Latino children age 5 or under, and those of Mexican origin, in low-income families or in rural locations, have the highest rates of early childhood caries of any racial/ethnic groups, second only to Native Americans.3-7 Latinos have one of the lowest dental utilization rates of all ethnic/racial groups, with Mexican-Americans having the lowest utilization rate of all Latino groups.8-10 Maintaining oral health requires the ability to understand and act on health information and to navigate dental healthcare; in other words, an adequate level of Oral Health Literacy (OHL).11,12 Addressing OHL in Mexican immigrant families with appropriately framed education in contexts where they feel safe and respected, such as English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, is an emerging dental public health priority.13,14 ESL classes present an ideal environment to promote OHL to newly arrived immigrant parents and families at high risk for dental caries, particularly due to the well-established safe and trusting reputation of ESL classroom environments.16-18 Prior to developing OHL curriculum for use in ESL classes serving Latinos, it is first necessary to understand what exactly constitutes OHL in this population. What are current understandings of oral disease prevention, sources of and access to oral health information, experiences with and ability to use oral health information to access professional dental care, and understandings and perceptions of dental health services? We propose to conduct ethnographic research to investigate these questions which underpin oral health disparities among Mexican immigrant families. The proposed study is the first and vital formative stage of a research program focused on oral health disparities and OHL. It will provide the foundation for the development of appropriately framed core OHL curriculum aimed at assisting Mexican immigrants to better navigate the dental care system. We will evaluate foundational items of this curriculum in ESL classes in order to refine it for the next stage of research. The overall goal of the currently proposed formative study is to establish the foundation for an intervention to enhance dental system understanding and navigational (OHL) skills among Latino immigrant parents and families. The Specific Aims are to 1) Define the dimensions of OHL for SF Bay Area Mexican immigrants (i.e. conduct ethnographic research - observations, individual and group interviews - to describe experiences of oral health disparities, existing oral health understandings and system navigation); and 2) Develop foundational items for an OHL curriculum for delivery in ESL catchment areas and settings (present foundational items in ten (10) ESL classes serving Mexican immigrants; observe their engagement with these foundational aspects of a future curriculum and conduct 10 group interviews with adult ESL students for their views about each item).

描述（由申请人提供）：拉丁裔移民是美国增长最快、规模最大的少数群体，2010 年占全国人口的 16%，预计到 2050 年将占 30%。1,2 低收入家庭或农村地区 5 岁或以下的拉丁裔儿童以及墨西哥裔儿童的儿童早期龋齿发病率是所有种族/族裔群体中最高的，仅次于美洲原住民。3-7 是所有民族/种族群体中牙科使用率最低的国家之一，其中墨西哥裔美国人的牙科使用率是所有拉丁裔群体中最低的。8-10 保持口腔健康需要能够理解健康信息并采取行动，并掌握牙科医疗保健；换句话说，具有足够水平的口腔健康素养 (OHL)。11,12 在墨西哥移民家庭中，通过在他们感到安全和受到尊重的环境中提供适当框架的教育，例如英语作为第二语言 (ESL) 课程，解决 OHL 问题，是一项新兴的牙科公共卫生优先事项。13,14 ESL 课程为向新移民父母和龋齿高风险家庭宣传 OHL 提供了理想的环境，特别是由于 ESL 课堂环境享有良好的安全和值得信赖的声誉。16-18 在开发 OHL 课程供拉丁裔 ESL 课程使用之前，首先有必要了解该人群中 OHL 的具体构成。目前对口腔疾病预防的理解、口腔健康信息的来源和获取方式、使用口腔健康信息获得专业牙科护理的经验和能力以及对牙科健康服务的理解和看法是什么？我们建议进行人种学研究，以调查这些导致墨西哥移民家庭口腔健康差异的问题。拟议的研究是专注于口腔健康差异和 OHL 的研究项目的第一个也是重要的形成阶段。它将为开发适当框架的 OHL 核心课程奠定基础，旨在帮助墨西哥移民更好地驾驭牙科护理系统。我们将在 ESL 课程中评估本课程的基础项目，以便为下一阶段的研究进行完善。目前提出的形成性研究的总体目标是为干预措施奠定基础，以增强拉丁裔移民父母和家庭对牙科系统的理解和导航（OHL）技能。具体目标是 1) 定义旧金山湾区墨西哥移民 OHL 的维度（即进行人种学研究 - 观察、个人和小组访谈 - 描述口腔健康差异的经历、现有的口腔健康理解和系统导航）； 2) 制定在 ESL 学区和环境中提供的 OHL 课程的基础项目（在为墨西哥移民服务的十 (10) 个 ESL 课程中介绍基础项目；观察他们对未来课程这些基础方面的参与情况，并与成人 ESL 学生进行 10 次小组访谈，了解他们对每个项目的看法）。