Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection in Polyglutamine-Dependent Degeneration

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3, also known as Machado-Joseph Disease) belongs to the family of polyglutamine-dependent neurodegenerative disorders that also includes Huntington's Disease and several other SCAs. SCA3, which is the most common dominant ataxia in the world, is caused by large expansions in the polyglutamine tract of the protein ataxin-3. Current therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCA3 are symptomatic and do not address the core etiology. Animal models of polyglutamine diseases have shown that reducing the levels of the causative protein leads to significant improvement in neuronal pathology and symptoms. This suggests that enhancing the degradation of the ataxin-3 protein provides a reasonable approach to treat SCA3. The long-term goal of my laboratory is to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Starting during my postdoctoral work, I focused on pathways involved in protein degradation, and specifically on ataxin-3. In the course of trying to understand the cell biology of ataxin-3 as a point of entry for SCA3 therapy, we made the unexpected finding that the degradation of ataxin-3 is not regulated by ubiquitination in the common sense. Instead, pathogenic ataxin-3 is stabilized by its interaction with the proteasomal shuttle proteins Rad23 and VCP. Our novel finding provided a lead to destabilize pathogenic ataxin-3 for therapy. This strategy is made even more plausible by the ability of cells and organisms to tolerate very low levels of ataxin-3 - in other words, without a restrictive therapeutic window in terms of the cellular levels of ataxin-3. Here, we propose to expand on these exciting findings by determining how ataxin-3 is degraded, with special emphasis on Rad23 and VCP, and by subsequently testing the idea that disrupting these interactions suppresses ataxin-3-dependent degeneration in the genetically tractable model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We then plan to take advantage of this model system to discover novel genes that suppress ataxin-3-dependent degeneration.