The Effects of Prenatal Stress & Poor Nutrition on Brain and Cognition

产前压力的影响

• 批准号: 8239372
• 负责人: Catherine E Monk
• 金额: $ 72万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-23 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8239372
• 关键词: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Affect; Age; Animal Model; Animals; Anterior; Anxiety; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Biological Assay; Birth; Brain; Brain imaging; Caring; Cerebellum; Cerebrum; Child; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Data Set; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Dorsal; Early treatment; Endocrine; Environment; Environmental Impact; Epidemiology; Fiber; Funding; Future; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Hormones; Hour; Human; Hydrocortisone; Image; Infant; Infant Care; Intake; Iron; Lateral; Learning; Left; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental Depression; Micronutrients; Mothers; Motor; N-acetylaspartate; Neonatal; Neurocognitive; Neurons; Newborn Infant; Occupational; Outcome; Parenting behavior; Parietal Lobe; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Play; Policies; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Psyche structure; Psychological reinforcement; Psychosocial Stress; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk; Role; School-Age Population; Shadowing (Histology); Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Specific qualifier value; Stress; Structure; Surface; Temporal Lobe; To specify; Variant; Woman; Zinc; base; biopsychosocial; brain behavior; density; diaries; disability; early childhood; experience; follow-up; frontal lobe; gray matter; in utero; indexing; infancy; nutrition; offspring; pregnant teen; prenatal; prenatal experience; prenatal exposure; prenatal stress; psychosocial; psychosocial adjustment; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Children's neurocognitive development can cast long shadows on their futures, dramatically influencing their occupational functioning and psychosocial adjustment. While it is increasingly recognized that normative variation in early environmental experiences (i.e. parenting style), plays a significant role in shaping cognitive development, evidence indicates that the impact of the environment on cognitive development begins in utero. Two common experiences during pregnancy, psychosocial stress and inadequate micronutrient intake - prominently, iron and zinc, affect outcomes. Prenatal anxiety predicts delayed mental and motor development on the Bayley Scales in infancy, and a reduction in gray matter in the middle temporal lobe based on brain imaging in school-age children. Animal models have demonstrated that antenatal corticosteroid administration is associated with neurocognitive disabilities (i.e. difficulty learning) and structural brain changes such as reduction in hippocampal volume. Infants born to Zinc-deficient mothers show signs of memory impairment. Across both prenatal exposures, what differentiates the animal from the human studies is access to the neonatal brain. The goal of this project is to assess the influence of maternal prenatal stress and poor nutrition on neonatal brain structure and function, and to relate the imaging measures to cognitive outcomes in early childhood. The pro- posed R01 study is a follow-up to an ARRA-funded R01 assessing biopsychosocial stress and nutrition during adolescent pregnancy. Specifically, we have three primary aims to be carried out with pregnant adolescents (ages 15 -19) and their infants: (1) To determine associations between maternal antenatal stress and nutrition, and variation in newborn brain development (from multi-modal imaging). (2) To determine the neural bases of deficits in specific learning and memory tasks, and a general index of cognitive development, associated with prenatal stress and inadequate nutrition. (3) To determine the bidirectional influences between maternal care (i.e. maternal sensitivity and mother-infant attachment style) and infants' emerging learning and memory capacities. Establishing brain-associated relationships between these prenatal exposures and infant cognition has the potential to help specify the in utero developmental effects of two experiences common to pregnancy, high stress and inadequate nutrition, potentially constraining children's future learning even before birth. Such results would have significant public health relevance with respect to policy and early intervention approaches. They also could contribute to the identification of exposure-related 'brain signatures' to be used for diagnostic and treatment purposes, much as is emerging in imaging studies of depression. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The goal of this project is to assess the relationship between maternal prenatal stress and poor nutrition and newborn babies' brain structure and function, and to relate multi-modal imaging measures (MRI) of the new- born baby's brain to neurocognitive outcomes in early childhood. Establishing brain-associated relationships between these prenatal exposures and infant cognition has the potential to specify how women's experiences during pregnancy influence their baby's development, potentially affecting children's future learning even be- fore birth. These results could be very relevant to public health and could inform policy, early intervention approaches, and help to identify brain features that could inform diagnosis and treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童的神经认知发展可能会给他们的未来投下长长的阴影，极大地影响他们的职业功能和心理社会调整。虽然越来越多的人认识到，早期环境经验（即养育方式）的规范性变化在塑造认知发展方面发挥着重要作用，但有证据表明，环境对认知发展的影响始于子宫内。怀孕期间两种常见的经历，心理社会压力和微量营养素摄入不足-主要是铁和锌，影响结果。产前焦虑预示着婴儿期贝利量表上的智力和运动发育延迟，以及学龄儿童大脑成像中颞叶灰质的减少。动物模型已经证明，产前皮质类固醇给药与神经认知障碍（即学习困难）和大脑结构变化（如海马体积减少）有关。锌缺乏的母亲所生的婴儿表现出记忆障碍的迹象。在两次产前暴露中，动物与人类研究的区别在于新生儿大脑的接触。该项目的目标是评估母亲产前压力和营养不良对新生儿脑结构和功能的影响，并将成像措施与儿童早期的认知结果联系起来。拟议的R 01研究是ARRA资助的R 01研究的后续研究，该研究评估了青少年怀孕期间的生物心理社会压力和营养状况。具体来说，我们有三个主要目标是对怀孕的青少年（15 - 19岁）和他们的婴儿进行：（1）确定母亲产前压力和营养之间的关联，以及新生儿大脑发育的变化（从多模态成像）。(2)确定特定学习和记忆任务缺陷的神经基础，以及与产前应激和营养不足相关的认知发育的一般指数。(3)探讨母亲照顾（即母亲敏感性和母婴依恋方式）对婴儿学习记忆能力的双向影响。建立这些产前暴露和婴儿认知之间的大脑相关关系，有可能帮助确定怀孕中常见的两种经历，高压力和营养不足的子宫内发育影响，甚至在出生前可能限制儿童未来的学习。这些结果将对政策和早期干预方法具有重大的公共卫生意义。它们还有助于识别与抑郁症相关的“大脑特征”，用于诊断和治疗目的，就像抑郁症的成像研究一样。 公共卫生关系：该项目的目标是评估母亲产前压力和营养不良与新生儿大脑结构和功能之间的关系，并将新生儿大脑的多模态成像测量（MRI）与儿童早期的神经认知结果联系起来。建立这些产前暴露和婴儿认知之间的大脑相关关系，有可能详细说明妇女在怀孕期间的经历如何影响婴儿的发育，甚至可能影响儿童出生前的未来学习。这些结果可能与公共卫生非常相关，可以为政策，早期干预方法提供信息，并有助于识别可以为诊断和治疗提供信息的大脑特征。