Cognitive and Neural Correlates of the Picture Superiority Effect in Alzheimer's.

阿尔茨海默病图片优势效应的认知和神经相关性。

• 批准号: 8811908
• 负责人: BRANDON A ALLY
• 金额: $ 24.87万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2016-04-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8811908
• 关键词: Accounting; Activities of Daily Living; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Applications Grants; Brain; Caregivers; Categories; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Clinical assessments; Code; Cognitive; Communities; Computers; Concept Formation; Cues; Disease; Disease Progression; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Episodic memory; Event-Related Potentials; Experimental Psychology; Floor; Goals; Health; Healthcare Systems; Home environment; Image; Impairment; Information Retrieval; Intervention; Label; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Literature; Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory impairment; Methods; Nursing Homes; Outcome Measure; Patients; Perceptual Masking; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Process; Quality of life; Research; Research Infrastructure; Retrieval; Savings; Stimulus; Symptoms; Techniques; Testing; Time; Word Processing; base; behavioral study; cognitive neuroscience; combat; episodic memory impairment; forgetting; functional decline; implicit memory; improved; interest; neural correlate; relating to nervous system; research study; semantic processing; theories; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pictures improve memory over words, and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show a much greater improvement than healthy older adults. This simple fact has tremendous implications for millions of patients with AD. If we were able to better understand exactly how pictures improve memory in these patients, new memory enhancing techniques could be developed to further increase their memory, improving quality of life and saving money for caregivers and the healthcare system. This proposal will use the techniques of experimental psychology (computer-based behavioral studies) and cognitive neuroscience (EEG-based event- related potential [ERP] studies) to examine the cognitive and neural processes that underlie the robust picture superiority effect in patients with AD. Aim 1 examines the hypothesis that intact perceptual processing of distinctive visual information enhances the encoding, storage, and retrieval of pictures in patients with AD. Expts 1 and 2 examine whether adding or subtracting perceptual detail at encoding increases or decreases the picture superiority effect. Expt 3 uses a perceptual masked identification task to determine whether patients can recognize unidentifiable test pictures based only on stored perceptual information. Expt 4 examines whether removing distinctive visual information from the retrieval cues eliminates the picture superiority effect. Aim 2 examines the hypothesis that intact conceptual processing enhances the encoding, storage, and retrieval of pictures in patients with AD. Expt 5 uses ERPs to determine whether picture stimuli allow for better encoding of conceptual information than ambiguous images with and without conceptual labels. Expt 6 uses a conceptual implicit memory test to determine whether the conceptual information stored for pictures is superior to the conceptual information stored for words. Expt 7 uses ERPs to examine whether patients demonstrate the picture superiority effect for a category-based retrieval task. Finally, Aim 3 examines the hypothesis that impaired encoding, storage, and retrieval of words contributes to the robust picture superiority effect in patients with AD. Expt 8 uses ERPs to examine differences in brain activity for successful encoding of pictures compared to successful encoding of visually and auditorily presented words. Expt 9 uses ERPs to examine whether limitations in the ability to generate an internal image representation of words at encoding contributes to the robust picture superiority effect in AD. Expt 10 examines whether forgetting rates of stored words and pictures are differentially affected by AD. Finally, Expt 11 examines whether words are less effective as retrieval cues compared to pictures. Successful completion of these aims and experiments will provide us with a detailed understanding of how pictures enhance memory in AD. This understanding could subsequently improve methods of clinical assessment, and serve as the basis of promising new learning techniques, such as errorless learning. These new techniques may help patients remember how and when to take their medications and perform activities of daily living, thereby improving their quality of life.

描述（由申请人提供）：图片比文字更能提高记忆力，阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 患者的记忆力比健康老年人的改善要大得多。这个简单的事实对数百万 AD 患者具有巨大的影响。如果我们能够更好地了解图片如何提高这些患者的记忆力，就可以开发出新的记忆增强技术来进一步提高他们的记忆力，提高生活质量，并为护理人员和医疗保健系统节省资金。该提案将使用实验心理学（基于计算机的行为研究）和认知神经科学（基于脑电图的事件相关电位 [ERP] 研究）技术来检查 AD 患者中强大的图片优势效应背后的认知和神经过程。目标 1 检验了这样的假设：对独特视觉信息的完整感知处理可以增强 AD 患者对图片的编码、存储和检索。实验 1 和实验 2 检查编码时添加或减少感知细节是否会增加或减少图像优势效应。 Expt 3 使用感知屏蔽识别任务来确定患者是否可以仅根据存储的感知信息识别无法识别的测试图片。实验 4 检查从检索线索中删除独特的视觉信息是否消除了图片优势效应。目标 2 检验了这样的假设：完整的概念处理增强了 AD 患者对图片的编码、存储和检索。 Expt 5 使用 ERP 来确定图片刺激是否比带有或不带有概念标签的模糊图像能够更好地编码概念信息。实验 6 使用概念隐式记忆测试来确定为图片存储的概念信息是否优于为单词存储的概念信息。 Expt 7 使用 ERP 来检查患者是否在基于类别的检索任务中表现出图片优势效应。最后，目标 3 检验了以下假设：单词编码、存储和检索受损有助于 AD 患者产生强大的图片优势效应。 Expt 8 使用 ERP 来检查成功编码图片与成功编码视觉和听觉呈现的单词时大脑活动的差异。 Expt 9 使用 ERP 来检查编码时生成单词内部图像表示的能力的限制是否有助于 AD 中鲁棒的图像优势效应。实验 10 检查了 AD 是否对存储的单词和图片的遗忘率有不同的影响。最后，实验 11 检查了与图片相比，单词作为检索线索的效果是否较差。成功完成这些目标和实验将使我们详细了解图片如何增强 AD 中的记忆。这种理解随后可以改进临床评估方法，并作为有前途的新学习技术（例如无错误学习）的基础。这些新技术可以帮助患者记住如何以及何时服药并进行日常生活活动，从而提高他们的生活质量。