A NHP model for vaginal Zika Virus transmission

寨卡病毒（ZIKV）（黄病毒科，黄病毒）是一种新兴的蚊媒病毒，于2009年首次在巴西发现。 自2015年以来，已蔓延到南美洲，中美洲和加勒比地区的至少38个国家。的 世界卫生组织于2016年2月1日宣布ZIKV大流行为突发公共卫生事件。在 在大约20%的感染者中，ZIKV会引起发热性疾病，包括皮疹、关节痛和 结膜炎此外，ZIKV与小头畸形的发展有关， 早期获得ZIKV感染的妇女所生婴儿的无脑畸形和眼部病变 怀孕在成人中，ZIKV还与吉兰-巴雷综合征和其他神经系统疾病有关。 听力损失和耳鸣等并发症。对ZIKV和我们的研究很少 对人类ZIKV病的病毒学、免疫学和发病机理的理解非常有限。 目前还没有建立动物模型，尽管在过去的几个月里进行了一些模仿研究。 (NHP)直到2016年2月，没有NHP接种当代大流行ZIKV分离株。 虽然ZIKV是一种蚊子传播的病毒，但有报道称， 与ZIKV感染者性交的人来自没有蚊子传播证据的国家。在 事实上，在2016年2月6日至22日期间，来自几个州的卫生官员报告了两例确诊病例和四例确诊病例。 ZIKV性传播的可能病例报告给CDC。在所有病例中， 当男性伴侣出现症状或症状消失后不久。此外，还有较早的 报告表明ZIKV性传播之前，目前的爆发，ZIKV病毒已被发现， 最近的一份报告表明，ZIKV在精液中持续存在超过60天， 症状尽管有这些观察结果，但性传播ZIKV的频率和效率尚不清楚。 为了更好地了解ZIKV性传播的潜力，并测试疫苗是否可以预防 需要通过该途径的ZIKV传播的动物模型。这个R21的目标是开发一个NHP模型 阴道ZIKV病毒传播。我们将进行初步研究，以确定阴道ZIKV的效率， 传播和表征感染的病毒学。此外，我们将描述和比较先天 以及生殖道和全身区室中对ZIKV的适应性免疫应答。

Zika virus (ZIKV) (Flaviviridae, flavivirus), an emerging mosquito-borne virus, was first detected in Brazil in 2015 and has since spread to at least 38 countries in South America, Central America and Caribbean. The World Health Organization declared the ZIKV pandemic a public health emergency on February 1, 2016. In approximately 20% of infected humans, ZIKV causes a febrile illness that can include rash, arthralgia and conjunctivitis. In addition, ZIKV has been associated with the development of microcephaly and lissencephaly and ocular lesions in infants born to women who acquired ZIKV infection during early pregnancy. In adults, ZIKV has also been associated with Guillan-Barré syndrome and other neurological complications including hearing loss and tinnitus. Very little research has been done with ZIKV and our understanding of the virology, immunology and pathogenesis of ZIKV disease in humans is very limited. There are no established animal models, although a few studies have been imitated in the past few months. (NHP), and until February 2016, no NHP had been inoculated with contemporary pandemic ZIKV isolates. Although ZIKV is a mosquito-transmitted virus, reports of women becoming infected through sexual intercourse with ZIKV infected men have come from countries with no evidence of mosquito transmission. In fact, during February 6–22, 2016, health officials from several states reported two confirmed and four probable cases of ZIKV sexual transmission to CDC. In all cases, condomless vaginal intercourse occurred when the male partner was symptomatic or shortly after symptoms resolved. In addition, there are earlier reports suggesting ZIKV sexual transmission prior to the current outbreak, ZIKV virus has been found in semen and a recent report suggested ZIKV persists in semen for more than 60 days after onset of symptoms. Despite these observations the frequency and efficiency of sexual ZIKV transmission is unclear. To better understand the potential for sexual transmission of ZIKV and to test whether vaccines can prevent ZIKV transmission by this route an animal model is needed. The goal of this R21 is to develop a NHP model of vaginal ZIKV transmission. We will conduct initial studies to determine the efficiency of vaginal ZIKV transmission and characterize the virology of the infection. Further, we will characterize and compare innate and adaptive immune responses to ZIKV in the genital tract and systemic compartment.