Regulation of Airway Protective Behaviors

该项目的长期目标是确定气管和咽部感觉反馈在 咳嗽、吞咽的调节。我们的中心假设是，一个渴望事件会产生一系列 咳嗽和吞咽以不同的行为互动模式表达，而且有 规范各种表达方式的可理解的规则。咳嗽和吞咽是呼吸道 保护行为。吞咽的咽部阶段阻止口腔物质(唾液、食物和 液体)，通过会厌运动，喉内收，清理口腔和咽部。咳嗽是一种 吸入--从呼吸道中清除物质的反应行为。这些行为的协调对于 保护呼吸道免受进一步促进吸入的事件的影响，如在呼吸过程中发生的吞咽 吸气期咳嗽。外围设备输入、运行特性和主要策略 协调咳嗽和吞咽未知。这种信息的缺乏阻碍了对赤字的理解 在呼吸道保护中，同时出现吞咽困难和吞咽困难，这与以下疾病一起发生 帕金森氏症和阿尔茨海默氏症。该项目的具体目标是：1)开发一种可预测的 气管感觉通路对中枢影响的计算分布式网络模型 咳嗽和吞咽的表达；以及2)确定神经元在加工过程中网状结构中的作用 咳嗽和吞咽时的气管和咽部传入反馈。我们的初步数据显示 感觉反馈对咳嗽吞咽产生的调节作用。气管刺激术 吸入刺激的传入增加了吞咽的幅度，提供了呼吸道的证据。 反馈导致咽部清除量增加。在目标2中，我们将：1)记录网状结构中的神经元 在a)选择性刺激期间使用多电极阵列形成以获得多个棘波训练数据 气管或咽部的损伤以引起咳嗽或吞咽；2)测试急性口臭和吞咽困难模型 脑内微量注射内源性兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂犬尿酸 内侧网状结构。

The long-term goal of this project is to determine the role of tracheal and pharyngeal sensory feedback in the regulation of cough and swallow. Our central hypothesis is that an aspiration event produces a series of coughs and swallows which are expressed in various behavioral interaction patterns, and that there are decipherable rules that regulate the various patterns of expression. Cough and swallow are airway protective behaviors. The pharyngeal phase of swallow prevents aspiration of oral material (saliva, food and liquid), by epiglottal movement, laryngeal adduction, and clearing the mouth and pharynx. Cough is an aspiration-response behavior that clears material from the airway. Coordination of these behaviors is vital to protect the airway from further aspiration-promoting events, such as a swallow occurring during the inspiratory phase of cough. The peripheral inputs, operational characteristics, and primary strategies that coordinate cough and swallow are unknown. This lack of information impedes understanding of the deficits in airway protection, with co-occurrence of dystussia and dysphagia, which occurs with diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The Specific Aims of the project are: 1) Develop a predictive computational distributed network model of the central influence of tracheal sensory pathways on the expression of cough and swallow; and 2) Identify the role of neurons in the reticular formation in processing tracheal and pharyngeal afferent feedback on cough and swallow. Our preliminary data demonstrates a modulatory effect of sensory feedback of the production of cough and swallow. Stimulation of tracheal afferents by an aspiration stimulus increases the magnitude of swallows, providing evidence of airway feedback-induced increased pharyngeal clearance. In aim 2, we will: 1) record from neurons in the reticular formation using a multi-electrode array to obtain multiple-spike train data during: a) the selective stimulation of the trachea or pharynx to elicit cough or swallow; 2) test an acute model of dystussia and dysphagia induced by microinjection of the endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid, into the medial reticular formation.