Regulation of Airway Protective Behaviors

这个项目的长期目标是确定气管和咽部感觉反馈在 咳嗽和吞咽的调节。我们的中心假设是，一个吸入事件产生了一系列的 咳嗽和吞咽，表现为各种行为互动模式， 规范各种表达方式的可理解的规则。咳嗽和吞咽是气道 保护行为。吞咽的咽部阶段防止吸入口腔材料（唾液、食物和唾液）。 液体），会厌运动，喉内收，并清理口和咽。咳嗽是一种 从气道清除物质的吸气反应行为。这些行为的协调对于 保护气道免受进一步的吸气促进事件，如吞咽过程中发生的 咳嗽的吸气阶段。外围输入、操作特征和主要策略， 协调咳嗽和吞咽未知。这种信息的缺乏阻碍了对缺陷的理解 在呼吸道保护中，同时出现了吞咽困难和吞咽困难，这与疾病有关， 帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病。该项目的具体目标是：（1）制定一个预测 气管感觉通路对中枢神经系统影响的计算分布式网络模型 表达咳嗽和吞咽; 2）确定网状结构中神经元在处理中的作用 对咳嗽和吞咽的气管和咽传入反馈。我们的初步数据显示， 咳嗽和吞咽产生的感觉反馈的调节作用。气管刺激 通过吸入刺激的传入增加了吞咽的幅度，提供了气道刺激的证据。 反馈诱导的咽部清除率增加。在目标2中，我们将：1）记录网状核中的神经元 使用多电极阵列形成以在以下期间获得多个尖峰串数据：a）选择性刺激 气管或咽部引起咳嗽或吞咽; 2）测试急性肌张力障碍和吞咽困难模型 通过将内源性兴奋性氨基酸拮抗剂犬尿烯酸微量注射到 内侧网状结构。

The long-term goal of this project is to determine the role of tracheal and pharyngeal sensory feedback in the regulation of cough and swallow. Our central hypothesis is that an aspiration event produces a series of coughs and swallows which are expressed in various behavioral interaction patterns, and that there are decipherable rules that regulate the various patterns of expression. Cough and swallow are airway protective behaviors. The pharyngeal phase of swallow prevents aspiration of oral material (saliva, food and liquid), by epiglottal movement, laryngeal adduction, and clearing the mouth and pharynx. Cough is an aspiration-response behavior that clears material from the airway. Coordination of these behaviors is vital to protect the airway from further aspiration-promoting events, such as a swallow occurring during the inspiratory phase of cough. The peripheral inputs, operational characteristics, and primary strategies that coordinate cough and swallow are unknown. This lack of information impedes understanding of the deficits in airway protection, with co-occurrence of dystussia and dysphagia, which occurs with diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The Specific Aims of the project are: 1) Develop a predictive computational distributed network model of the central influence of tracheal sensory pathways on the expression of cough and swallow; and 2) Identify the role of neurons in the reticular formation in processing tracheal and pharyngeal afferent feedback on cough and swallow. Our preliminary data demonstrates a modulatory effect of sensory feedback of the production of cough and swallow. Stimulation of tracheal afferents by an aspiration stimulus increases the magnitude of swallows, providing evidence of airway feedback-induced increased pharyngeal clearance. In aim 2, we will: 1) record from neurons in the reticular formation using a multi-electrode array to obtain multiple-spike train data during: a) the selective stimulation of the trachea or pharynx to elicit cough or swallow; 2) test an acute model of dystussia and dysphagia induced by microinjection of the endogenous excitatory amino acid antagonist, kynurenic acid, into the medial reticular formation.