Domestic Violence Attitudes and Culturally Appropriate Prevention in Pakistan

亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是一个普遍的全球健康问题，也是身体伤害的主要来源， 对女性的心理伤害。它也日益被认为是贫穷的一个重要决定因素。 在幼儿期目睹IPV或在子宫内暴露的儿童的发育结果， 妊娠期是IPV易感性增加的时期。IPV的流行率 巴基斯坦和该地区其他地方一样，艾滋病发病率很高，但没有得到充分研究，也没有采取干预措施来预防或应对艾滋病。 IPV非常有限。这个项目旨在解决缺乏甚至形成所需的知识， 为在此背景下有效预防IPV提供基础。使用严格的混合方法， 该项目将进行探索性研究，旨在a）测量有关IPV的态度和感知规范 在男性和女性社区成员和女性社区卫生工作者中，以及B）探索潜在的 文化上适当的IPV预防战略，包括针对怀孕妇女的以健康为重点的干预措施 社区卫生工作者基础设施负责管理。基础上 哥伦比亚大学、杜克大学和人类发展学院之间的成功合作 巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡的HDRF研究基金会，该项目的一个关键目标是， 发展该团队内部的能力，特别是在HDRF，对该主题进行深入研究 IPV，通过现有的健康发展有效预防工作的潜力的见解 护理系统，并为成功申请R01提案奠定基础，以正式测试 预计将从该项目中产生的干预战略。结合探索性定性 调查（焦点小组讨论）和强大的定量评估（个别调查）使用新的 仪器将使该项目能够引出并更好地理解IPV的感知和实际情况 社区成员和卫生工作者的态度。它也将有助于理解所感知的 巴基斯坦农村地区基于社区的IPV预防战略的障碍和机会， 在其他类似的环境中，重男轻女的规范仍然根深蒂固， 对IPV的关注历来是有限的。

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive global health problem and a major source of physical injury and psychological harm to women. It is also increasingly recognized as a significant determinant of poor developmental outcomes among children who witness IPV in early childhood or who are exposed in utero, and pregnancy has been demonstrated to be a period of increased vulnerability to IPV. Prevalence of IPV in Pakistan, as elsewhere in the region, is high yet it is understudied and interventions to prevent or respond to IPV are extremely limited. This project seeks to address the dearth of even formative knowledge needed to provide the basis for effective IPV prevention in this context. Using a rigorous mixed-methods approach, this project will conduct exploratory research designed to a) measure attitudes and perceived norms regarding IPV among male and female community members and female community health workers and b) explore potential culturally-appropriate IPV prevention strategies, including a health-focused intervention targeted at pregnant women and their families and administered through the community health worker infrastructure. Building on a successful collaboration between Columbia University, Duke University, and the Human Development Research Foundation (HDRF) in Islamabad, Pakistan, this project will also have as a key objective the development of capacity within this team, and at HDRF specifically, to conduct in-depth research on the topic of IPV, to develop insights regarding the potential for effective prevention efforts through the extant health care system, and to lay the foundation for successful application for a R01 proposal to formally test the intervention strategies expected to emerge from this project. The combination of exploratory qualitative investigation (focus group discussions) and robust quantitative assessment (individual surveys) using novel instrumentation will enable this project to elicit and better understand both perceptions of and actual IPV attitudes of community members and health workers. It will also facilitate an understanding of the perceived barriers to and opportunities for community-based IPV prevention strategies in rural Pakistan, with relevance for other, comparable settings in which patriarchal norms are still strongly entrenched and programmatic attention to IPV is historically limited.