Gender Differences in Early Life Adversity: Adult Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk

早期生活逆境中的性别差异：成人肥胖和心血管风险

• 批准号: 9236348
• 负责人: Chioun Lee
• 金额: $ 10.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9236348
• 关键词: Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Attention; Award; Behavioral; Biological; Birth Intervals; Body Weight; Buffers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Data Set; Development; Disadvantaged; Economics; Emotional; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Family; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Gender; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Sciences; Health behavior; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Mediating; Mentors; Nurses; Obesity; Overweight; Pathway interactions; Phase; Phenotype; Physiological; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Reproductive Health; Reproductive History; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Smoking; Sociology; South Korea; Training; Translating; Twin Multiple Birth; United States; Vulnerable Populations; Weight Gain; Woman; Work; Writing; aged; base; behavioral response; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular health; cardiovascular risk factor; career; coping; cost; design; early experience; early onset; effective intervention; experience; gender difference; health disparity; health economics; insight; low socioeconomic status; men; middle age; multidisciplinary; novel; obesity risk; population health; programs; psychologic; psychological distress; psychosocial; reproductive; resilience; skills; social; social health determinants; socioeconomics; theories; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY Over the past three decades, extensive health, economic, and social costs have been associated with obesity. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to be obese, with weight gain in childhood continuing into adulthood and resulting in the early onset of cardiovascular disease. Such adverse effects are pronounced among women than men. Gender differences are also evident in socioeconomic opportunities, psychosocial resources, and emotional/behavioral coping strategies, suggesting that there may be gender- driven psychosocial, behavioral, and biological, e.g., genetic and reproductive, mechanisms linking early life adversities (ELAs) to obesity and cardiovascular risk. Nonetheless, some individuals who have experienced ELAs do not succumb to cardiovascular risk; they may leverage individual psychosocial resources to halt or reverse accumulated disadvantages from childhood, although the availability of such resources may also vary by gender. Few studies have employed an integrative approach to understanding the broader set of influences on gender differences in obesity and cardiovascular risk. The overall goal of this Pathway to Independence Award is to provide the PI with the interdisciplinary training and research experience needed to investigate how ELAs affect body weight and cardiovascular risk, via the interplay of psychosocial, behavioral, and biological mechanisms, while characterizing gender differences throughout the analysis. Having previously worked as a nurse in South Korea, the PI brings front-line experience to the task of understanding health disparities. During her subsequent training and research in sociology and population health science, she applied theories of social determinants of health to multiple nationally representative data sets. The PI is well along the path to becoming a leading researcher on gender, life adversities, and health. During the K99 phase, the PI seeks training and mentoring to broaden her focus beyond social perspectives to include epidemiological and psychological knowledge of (1) causal inferences in behavioral obesity research (including co-twin control analyses), (2) cardiovascular disease, (3) reproductive health, and (4) resilience. During the R00 phase the PI will develop an integrative life-course approach to study the gender-specific pathways through which ELAs affect risk of adult obesity and cardiovascular disease by combining her primary expertise in sociology with additional epidemiological and psychological knowledge. The proposed research will be based on a nationally representative longitudinal data set, known as MIDUS (Midlife in the United States), which began with 7,108 adults, including 998 twin dyads. Findings from the PI's research should be relevant for development of gender-specific interventions to reduce the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease, particularly for individuals who have experienced adversities in early life.

项目摘要 在过去的三十年里，肥胖症造成了广泛的健康、经济和社会成本。 来自弱势背景的儿童更有可能肥胖，儿童时期体重增加 持续到成年，导致心血管疾病的早发。这些不利影响是 女性比男性更明显。性别差异在社会经济机会方面也很明显， 心理社会资源和情绪/行为应对策略，表明可能存在性别- 受社会心理、行为和生物学驱动，例如，遗传和生殖，连接早期生命的机制 逆境（ELAs）对肥胖和心血管风险的影响。尽管如此，一些经历过 ELA不会屈服于心血管风险;他们可以利用个人的心理社会资源来阻止或 扭转从小积累的不利条件，尽管这些资源的可用性也可能有所不同 按性别分列。很少有研究采用综合的方法来理解更广泛的影响 肥胖和心血管风险的性别差异。这条独立之路的总体目标 奖项是为PI提供跨学科的培训和研究经验，以调查如何 ELAs通过心理社会、行为和生物学的相互作用影响体重和心血管风险 在整个分析过程中，性别差异的特点。此前，作为一名 作为韩国的一名护士，PI将一线经验带到了了解健康差异的任务中。期间 她随后在社会学和人口健康科学方面的培训和研究，她应用社会学理论， 健康的决定因素，以多个国家代表性的数据集。私家侦探正沿着一条成为 她是性别、生活逆境和健康方面的领先研究者。在K99阶段，PI寻求培训， 指导，以扩大她的重点超越社会的角度，包括流行病学和心理 了解（1）行为肥胖研究中的因果推断（包括双胞胎对照分析），（2） 心血管疾病，（3）生殖健康，（4）恢复力。在R 00阶段，PI将制定 综合生命过程的方法来研究性别特异性途径，通过ELAs影响成年人的风险， 肥胖和心血管疾病，结合她在社会学的主要专业知识， 流行病学和心理学知识。这项研究将基于一项全国性的 代表性的纵向数据集，称为MIDUS（美国中年），以7，108开始 包括998对双胞胎。PI的研究结果应与以下开发相关： 针对不同性别的干预措施，以减少肥胖和心血管疾病的风险，特别是 在早年经历过逆境的人。