Neural mechanisms of social distance in psychosis

精神病中社交距离的神经机制

• 批准号: 9237610
• 负责人: DAPHNE J HOLT
• 金额: $ 69.97万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-21 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9237610
• 关键词: Affect; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Characteristics; Complex; Dorsal; Early Diagnosis; Emotional; Ensure; Eye; Face; Facial Expression; First Degree Relative; Foundations; Functional disorder; Future; Galvanic Skin Response; Genetic; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Link; Measurable; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Monkeys; Motivation; Motor; National Institute of Mental Health; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Participant; Patients; Perception; Personal Space; Phenotype; Play; Population; Process; Psychotic Disorders; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Role; Schizophrenia; Security; Sensory; Severities; Social Behavior; Social Distance; Social Environment; Social Functioning; Social Interaction; Social Perception; Stimulus; Strategic Planning; Symptoms; System; Testing; Variant; Work; base; behavioral response; cingulate cortex; cognitive neuroscience; cohort; effective therapy; experience; improved; individual patient; intraparietal sulcus; neural circuit; neurobehavioral; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; new therapeutic target; novel; patient population; relating to nervous system; response; social; social communication; social neuroscience; social space; support network; trait

Summary One of the most debilitating features of psychotic disorders is the impairment in social functioning that can begin very early in the illness. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments available for these impairments. This is in part because their neurobiological basis is not understood. However, recent advances in social neuroscience and neuroimaging have provided novel avenues for understanding the neural circuitry involved in generating social behavior. One general approach often used in the study of human behaviors is to begin by investigating very basic ones first, which may be more amenable than complex processes to reduction to quantifiable relationships between brain responses and behavior. One non-verbal social behavior that can be reliably measured is social spacing or “personal space” – the “comfort zone” or physical distance one maintains from others during social interactions. Studies have found that social spacing is abnormal in patients with schizophrenia. Also, a need to stand physically further away from other people (i.e., a larger personal space) has been repeatedly linked to a desire to avoid social interactions with others, in both healthy people and in patients with schizophrenia. This association suggests that abnormal social spacing could be used as an objective marker of impairments in social motivation. Although the neural mechanisms responsible for social spacing are poorly understood, neurophysiological studies of monkeys and humans have shown that a parietofrontal cortical network, involved in monitoring the space around the body, plays an important role in the social behaviors occurring within this space. Thus, in this proposal, we plan to comprehensively study this neural system, personal space, and social motivation in individuals with a history of psychosis, as well as genetically related and unrelated individuals. In Aim 1 of the project, we will investigate whether variation in the size and/or plasticity of personal space predicts levels of social motivation. In Aim 2, we will examine the function of the parietofrontal network that monitors personal space, to determine whether it plays a specialized role in social behavior and in the defense of the body against social threats. In Aim 3, we will test whether variation in functioning of this parietofrontal system predicts complex types of social perception and experience. Thus, in this project, we will ask whether a basic neural system that monitors the space around the body 1) plays a central role in social behavior and 2) is disrupted in individuals with impaired social motivation. If our hypotheses are confirmed, our results will show that complex social functions, such as those involved in social motivation, can be initiated by basic sensory-motor circuits. Most importantly, we will demonstrate that abnormalities in these neural processes are linked to impairments in social behavior. Lastly, based on these findings, we expect to use this neurobehavioral phenotype in future work as a quantitative marker in studies of novel treatments and genetic investigations.

总结 精神障碍最令人衰弱的特征之一是社会功能的损害， 在患病早期就开始开始。不幸的是，没有有效的治疗方法可用于这些障碍。 这部分是因为他们的神经生物学基础还不清楚。然而，社会发展的最新进展 神经科学和神经影像学为理解参与神经系统的神经回路提供了新的途径。 产生社会行为。在人类行为研究中经常使用的一种一般方法是开始， 首先研究非常基本的过程，这可能比复杂的过程更容易简化， 大脑反应和行为之间的定量关系。一种非语言的社会行为， 一个可靠的衡量标准是社交空间或“个人空间”--“舒适区”或物理距离 在社会交往中与他人保持距离。研究发现，患者的社交间隔是不正常的， 精神分裂症此外，需要站得离其他人更远（即，一个更大的个人 在健康的人中， 和精神分裂症患者的情况。这种关联表明，异常的社会间隔可以被用作 社会动机受损的客观标志。虽然负责社交的神经机制 尽管对间隔的了解很少，但对猴子和人类的神经生理学研究表明， 顶叶额叶皮层网络，参与监测身体周围的空间，在大脑中起着重要的作用。 在这个空间里发生的社会行为。因此，在本提案中，我们计划全面研究这一点， 神经系统，个人空间和社会动机的个人精神病史，以及 基因相关和不相关的个体。在该项目的目标1中，我们将调查 个人空间的大小和/或可塑性预测了社会动机的水平。在目标2中，我们将检查 顶叶额叶网络的功能，监测个人空间，以确定它是否发挥了专门的 在社会行为和防御社会威胁的身体的作用。在目标3中，我们将测试 这种顶叶额叶系统功能的变化预示着复杂类型的社会感知和经验。 因此，在这个项目中，我们将问，是否有一个基本的神经系统，监测周围的空间， 1)在社会行为中起着核心作用，2）在社会动机受损的个体中受到破坏。如果我们的 假设得到证实，我们的结果将表明，复杂的社会功能，如参与社会 动机，可以由基本的感觉运动回路启动。最重要的是，我们将证明， 这些神经过程的异常与社会行为的损伤有关。最后，根据这些 研究结果，我们希望在未来的工作中使用这种神经行为表型作为研究的定量标记， 新的治疗方法和基因研究。