Measuring the the functional role of the corticocollicular pathway in auditory behavior
测量皮质皮质通路在听觉行为中的功能作用
基本信息
- 批准号:9190001
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 4.36万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2016-05-01 至 2019-04-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AcousticsActive ListeningAffectAnimalsAreaArousalAuditoryAuditory areaBehaviorBehavioralBehavioral trialBilateralBrainCaliberCellsCentral Hearing LossCommunicationComplexDetectionDevicesDiscriminationElectrophysiology (science)EnvironmentFeedbackFerretsFrequenciesFunctional disorderGoalsHearingIndividualInferior ColliculusIpsilateralLaboratoriesLearningLightMeasurementMeasuresMediatingMidbrain structureMindModelingMonitorMotorNeuronsNoisePathway interactionsPatientsPerformancePeripheralPhysiologicalPlayPopulationProcessProton PumpPsyche structurePsychometricsPsychophysicsPupilReportingResearchRoleSensorySensory ThresholdsSignal TransductionSpeechStimulusStructureTask PerformancesTechniquesTestingThalamic structureTrainingVariantViralWorkbasebehavioral impairmenthearing impairmentneurophysiologyoptogeneticsrelating to nervous systemresearch studyresponsesensory discriminationsoundtreatment strategy
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT
Understanding speech and other important sounds in noisy environments is difficult for individuals with hearing
impairment. The brain has evolved mechanisms to optimize performance in these challenging situations, which
involve rapid changes in sensory representation to enhance the discriminability of stimuli relevant to current
behavioral demands. Most studies of the neuronal bases of how engagement in an auditory task influences
neuronal activity have been performed in auditory cortex (AC), but recent work has shown that similar
modulations can occur subcortically. Engaging in a simple pure tone detection task rapidly changes sensory
representations in the inferior colliculus (IC). As in AC, single unit neural responses to noise stimuli (distractors)
are typically suppressed, and the suppression is greater when the best frequency of the neuron matches the
frequency of the target tone. These results support a contrast-matched filter model, in which changes in the
population response enhance neural discriminability between reference and target. However, most prior
studies of neurophysiological activity during auditory behavior, including the work in IC, have required sensory
discriminations far above psychophysical thresholds. In these conditions, an animal's ability to perform the task
may be more dependent on learning the appropriate sensory-motor association than the actual discrimination
between target tones and noise distractors. The work proposed here will investigate near-threshold behavioral
performance and task-induced changes in neuronal representation in the IC. Task difficulty will be controlled by
changing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a target tone embedded in noise. For each animal, sensory
threshold measurements will be used to establish high-SNR (easy) and low-SNR (difficult) task conditions. A
variation in performance on behavioral trials using an identical probe target presented in both conditions will
indicate of changes in animal effort. Single unit activity will be recorded in the IC during presentation of task
stimuli during passive listening and during behavior in either difficulty condition. Changes in neural activity
between difficultly conditions will characterize the effects of relative effort on representation in IC. Furthermore,
changes in overall arousal will be monitored via pupillometry and compared to effects of effort on behavior and
neural activity. Finally, the hypothesis that task-dependent changes in the IC are mediated by the large
descending, corticofugal projection from AC will be explored. Optogenetic perturbation will be used to rapidly
and reversibly inactivate AC during behavior. Behavioral performance as well as neuronal activity in the IC will
be compared between light-on and light-off conditions. Together these experiments will describe auditory brain
mechanisms involved in enhancing behaviorally relevant stimuli in contexts that more closely mimic the
challenge faced by patients with hearing impairments.
项目总结/摘要
对于听力正常的人来说,在嘈杂的环境中理解语音和其他重要的声音是困难的
损伤大脑已经进化出了在这些具有挑战性的情况下优化性能的机制,
涉及感觉表征的快速变化,以增强与电流相关的刺激的可辨别性
行为需求。大多数关于参与听觉任务如何影响神经元基础的研究
神经元活动已经在听觉皮层(AC)中进行,但最近的工作表明,类似的
调节可以在皮质下发生。从事一个简单的纯音检测任务迅速改变感官
在下丘(IC)的代表。在AC中,对噪声刺激(干扰物)的单单位神经反应
通常被抑制,并且当神经元的最佳频率与
目标音调的频率。这些结果支持对比度匹配滤波器模型,其中,
群体反应增强了参考和目标之间的神经辨别力。然而,大多数前
对听觉行为过程中神经生理活动的研究,包括IC中的工作,需要感觉
远高于心理生理阈值的歧视。在这种情况下,动物完成任务的能力
可能更依赖于学习适当的感觉-运动联系,而不是实际的辨别力
目标音调和噪音干扰物之间的关系。这里提出的工作将调查近阈值行为
表现和任务引起的变化,在IC的神经元表示。任务难度将由
改变嵌入噪声中的目标音调的信噪比(SNR)。对于每种动物,感官
阈值测量将用于建立高SNR(容易)和低SNR(困难)任务条件。一
在两种条件下使用相同的探针靶进行行为试验时,
表明动物努力程度变化。在任务演示期间,将单个单元活动记录在IC中
刺激过程中的被动倾听和行为过程中的困难条件。神经活动的变化
困难条件之间的关系将表征相对努力对IC中表征的影响。此外,委员会认为,
将通过瞳孔测量法监测总体唤醒的变化,并与努力对行为的影响进行比较,
神经活动最后,假设任务依赖的变化,在IC介导的大
将探索来自AC的下行、离皮质投射。光遗传学扰动将用于快速
在行为过程中是可逆的。行为表现以及IC中的神经元活动将
在开灯和关灯条件下进行比较。这些实验将一起描述听觉大脑
参与增强行为相关刺激的机制,更接近地模仿
听力障碍患者面临的挑战。
项目成果
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