Epidemiology of zoonotic viruses in forest communities in a key biodiversity area of rural Myanmar

缅甸农村生物多样性关键地区森林群落中人畜共患病毒的流行病学

• 批准号: 9028320
• 负责人: Tierra Smiley Evans
• 金额: $ 11.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-15 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9028320
• 关键词: Acute; Agriculture; Animals; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Biodiversity; Birds; California; Camping; Cataloging; Catalogs; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Ecosystem; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Employee; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Focus Groups; Geographic Locations; Geography; Habitats; Harvest; Health; Human; Human Development; Immunity; Indigenous; Individual; Infection; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Institutes; International; Japanese Encephalitis; K-Series Research Career Programs; Mammals; Medical Research; Medicine; Mentorship; Molecular; Myanmar; Nipah Virus; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Design; Research Infrastructure; Resource Allocation; Risk; Risk Factors; Rural; SARS coronavirus; Sampling; Scientist; Serological; Site; Southeastern Asia; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Universities; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; Wild Animals; burden of illness; comparative; design; disorder risk; experience; forest; global health; healthcare community; high risk; human disease; infrastructure development; low income country; member; molecular diagnostics; next generation; next generation sequencing; novel virus; pandemic disease; pathogen; public health relevance; rural area; screening; skills; social; viral transmission; virology

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The majority of emerging infectious diseases originate in wildlife reservoirs and this is especially important in countries where human / wildlie contact is prevalent and disease diagnostics are limited. The risk for zoonotic viral disease presence and emergence increases in geographic areas with higher mammal diversity and ecosystem disruption. This makes Southeast Asia a hotspot for endemic and emerging zoonotic viruses, including those with pandemic potential such as SARS-associated coronavirus and influenza H5N1, as well as those causing regional outbreaks such as Nipah virus and Japanese encephalitis. Myanmar is hypothesized to be a key area for zoonotic viral emergence because its geography encompasses eight unique biodiversity areas that are rich in mammal and avian fauna and because it has recently undergone significant landscape changes through land conversion for agriculture and timber harvesting. Little is known about the types of zoonotic viruses circulating in rural forest communities and the human behaviors associated with wildlife contact that could be contributing to disease burdens. This International Research Scientist Career Development Award (K01) will provide Dr. Tierra Smiley Evans, a Post-doctoral DVM and infectious disease epidemiologist at the University of California Davis, the protected time to investigate zoonotic viral sharing between humans and wildlife within high-risk forest communities in a key biodiversity area of Myanmar. Molecular, serological and behavioral epidemiological approaches will be used to (1) investigate zoonotic virus spillover between wildlife and humans in a key biodiversity corridor and (2) identify key demographic, behavioral, geographic and species contact risk factors for zoonotic viruses in forest communities. The proposed K01 research, mentorship and training will provide Dr. Evans with the opportunity to expand her skills in (1) advanced epidemiological study design to investigate viral transmission dynamics between humans and animals, (2) advanced pathogen discovery including next-generation molecular and serological techniques, (3) applied behavioral epidemiology in an international field setting and (4) incorporating local partners and building lasting scientific collaborations which are essential to successful international research. Dr. Evans will engage in a five-year training program under the primary mentorship of the University of California Davis One Health Institute and Center for Comparative Medicine, the Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar) Virology Research Division, and the Center for Infection and Immunity at Columbia University.

 描述(申请人提供)：大多数新出现的传染病起源于野生动物宿主，这在人类/野生动物接触盛行且疾病诊断有限的国家尤为重要。在哺乳动物多样性较高和生态系统受到破坏的地理区域，人畜共患病毒疾病的存在和出现的风险增加。这使得东南亚成为地方性和新兴人畜共患病病毒的热点，包括那些具有大流行潜力的病毒，如与SARS相关的冠状病毒和H5N1流感，以及那些引起地区性疫情的病毒，如尼帕病毒和日本脑炎。缅甸被认为是人畜共患病病毒出现的关键地区，因为它的地理位置包括八个独特的生物多样性地区，这些地区拥有丰富的哺乳动物和鸟类，而且它最近通过农用地和木材采伐经历了重大的地貌变化。关于在农村森林社区传播的人畜共患病病毒的类型，以及与野生动物接触相关的人类行为可能造成疾病负担，人们知之甚少。这项国际研究科学家职业发展奖(K01)将为加州大学戴维斯分校的博士后DVM和传染病流行病学家Tiera Smiley Evans博士提供受保护的时间，在缅甸一个关键的生物多样性地区的高风险森林社区内调查人与野生动物之间的人畜共患病病毒分享情况。将使用分子、血清学和行为流行病学方法(1)调查关键生物多样性走廊内野生动物和人类之间的人畜共患病病毒溢出，以及(2)确定人畜共患病病毒在森林社区中的关键人口统计、行为、地理和物种接触风险因素。拟议的K01研究、指导和培训将为Evans博士提供机会，以扩大她在以下方面的技能：(1)高级流行病学研究设计，以调查人与动物之间的病毒传播动力学；(2)先进的病原体发现，包括下一代分子和血清学技术；(3)在国际现场环境中应用行为流行病学；以及(4)吸收当地合作伙伴并建立持久的科学合作，这对成功的国际研究至关重要。Evans博士将在加州大学戴维斯分校第一健康研究所和比较医学中心、医学研究部(下缅甸)病毒学研究部以及哥伦比亚大学感染和免疫中心的主要指导下，参与一个为期五年的培训计划。