GPCR Cytoprotective Signaling Mechanisms

GPCR 细胞保护信号机制

基本信息

批准号：
9249359
负责人：
Neil C Chi
金额：
$ 0.78万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-09-01 至 2019-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9249359
关键词：
Adherens Junction Animal Genetics Apoptosis Apoptotic Arrestins Bacterial Infections Binding Biochemical Blood Vessels CCL4 gene Caveolae Cell membrane Cleaved cell Clinical Trials Cytoprotection Cytoskeleton Development Drug Targeting Edema Endothelial Cells Extravasation FDA approved Family G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Generations Goals Health Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins Human In Vitro Infection Inflammatory Response Ligands Link Maintenance Mammalian Cell Mediating Mediator of activation protein Microscopy Modeling Morbidity - disease rate PAR-1 Receptor Pathway interactions Pharmaceutical Preparations Prevention Receptor Signaling Regulation Reporting Role SPHK1 enzyme Sepsis Signal Pathway Signal Transduction Site Small Interfering RNA Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Testing Therapeutic Therapeutic Uses Thrombin Tissues Transactivation Transgenic Animals Vascular Permeabilities Work Zebrafish activated Protein C activated protein C receptor arrestin 2 base beta-arrestin endothelial dysfunction genetic manipulation in vivo insight interdisciplinary approach microbial mortality mouse model novel novel therapeutic intervention novel therapeutics prevent receptor research study response scaffold

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this proposal is to identify novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cytoprotective signaling pathways that can restore or enhance endothelial barrier integrity to prevent vascular leakage associated with sepsis. GPCRs represent the largest family of signaling receptors expressed in mammalian cells and the largest class of drug targets for approved therapeutics. Two GPCRs have been shown to mediate endothelial cytoprotective responses, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1). PAR1 is a GPCR for thrombin, but can be cleaved and activated by activated Protein C (APC). APC bound to its co-factor EPCR cleaves the N-terminus of PAR1 at a unique site generating a distinct tethered ligand that promotes cytoprotective signaling. S1PR1 signaling also promotes endothelial barrier maintenance and anti-apoptotic responses and contributes to APC/PAR1-induced cytoprotection. Thus, both PAR1 and S1PR1 make important contributions to endothelial cytoprotection. However, the mechanism by which APC/PAR1 and S1PR1 coordinate cytoprotective signaling in vitro and in vivo is not known and critical to understand to advance the status of these receptors as drug targets for the development of new therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of sepsis. We hypothesize that b-arrestins coordinate APC/PAR1 and S1/S1PR1 signaling in caveolae to promote endothelial cytoprotective responses. We found that APC/PAR1- induced endothelial cytoprotection requires PAR1 localization in caveolae. In recent work, we discovered that APC/PAR1-promoted cytoprotective signaling is mediated by ß-arrestin-2 and dishevelled-2 scaffolds rather than by heterotrimeric G proteins. In preliminary studies we show that PAR1 and S1PR1 co-associate at the plasma membrane and co-exist in caveolae. Moreover, APC/PAR1 induces activation of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1), an important mediator of S1P generation and S1PR1 activation, through a ß-arrestin-2-dependent pathway. ß-arrestins are also critical for APC-induced anti-apoptotic responses. We further demonstrate using zebrafish that PAR1, S1PR1 and ß-arrestin-2 regulate vascular permeability in a sepsis model. We will pursue a multidisciplinary approach to identify endothelial GPCR cytoprotective protective signaling pathways in vitro using cultured human endothelial cells and in vivo using a zebrafish model of vascular permeability and sepsis. The proposed studies will advance our understanding of how PAR1 and S1PR1 function to regulate vascular endothelial barrier integrity and apoptosis normally and in a sepsis model. The specific aims of the proposal are to: 1) determine how PAR1 and S1PR1 coordinate endothelial cytoprotective signaling, 2) identify the mechanism(s) by which APC/PAR1 integrates with S1P/S1PR1 to promote cytoprotective signaling, and 3) investigate how PAR1, S1PR1 and ß-arrestin-2 regulate endothelial barrier integrity in vivo.

描述（由适用提供）：该提案的长期目标是确定可以恢复或增强内皮屏障完整性的新型G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）细胞保护信号通路，以防止与脓毒症相关的血管泄漏。 GPCR是在哺乳动物细胞中表达的最大信号受体家族，也是批准治疗的最大药物靶标。已显示两个GPCR介导内皮细胞保护反应，蛋白酶激活的受体1（PAR1）和1-磷酸受体1（S1PR1）。 PAR1是凝血酶的GPCR，但可以通过活化的蛋白C（APC）裂解和激活。与其共同因素EPCR结合的APC在独特的位点裂解PAR1的N末端，该位点产生了独特的束缚配体，从而促进了细胞保护信号。 S1PR1信号传导还促进内皮屏障维持和抗凋亡反应，并有助于APC/PAR1诱导的细胞保护作用。这是PAR1和S1PR1对内皮细胞保护作用的重要贡献。然而，APC/PAR1和S1PR1在体外和体内均衡的细胞保护信号传导的机制尚不清楚，并且对于理解这些受体的状态是为了开发用于预防和治疗脓毒症的新疗法的药物靶标。假设Caveolae中的B- arr-坐标坐标为APC/PAR1和S1/S1PR1信号传导，以促进内皮细胞保护反应。我们发现APC/PAR1诱导的内皮细胞保护反应需要在小窝中定位。在最近的工作中，我们发现APC/PAR1促进的细胞保护信号传导是由ß-arrestin-2和Dishevelled-2支架介导的，而不是通过异三聚体G蛋白介导的。在初步研究中，我们表明，PAR1和S1PR1在质膜和小窝共同存在。此外，APC/PAR1通过ß-arrestin-2依赖性途径诱导鞘氨醇激酶-1（SK1）的激活，S1P生成和S1PR1激活的重要介体。 β-art蛋白对于APC诱导的抗凋亡反应也至关重要。我们进一步证明，使用斑马鱼表明PAR1，S1PR1和ß-arrestin-2调节败血症模型中的血管通透性。我们将采用一种多学科的方法，使用培养的人内皮细胞在体外鉴定内皮GPCR细胞保护受保护的信号通路，并使用斑马鱼模型的血管渗透性和败血症模型在体内。拟议的研究将促进我们对PAR1和S1PR1如何功能来调节血管内皮屏障完整性和凋亡的正常和脓毒症模型的理解。 specific aims of the proposal are to: 1) determine how PAR1 and S1PR1 coordinate endothelial cytoprotective signaling, 2) identify the mechanism(s) by which APC/PAR1 integrates with S1P/S1PR1 to promote cytoprotective signaling, and 3) investigate how PAR1, S1PR1 and ß-arrestin-2 regulate endothelial barrier integrity in vivo.