Black Women's Perspectives about Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk: A Grounded Theory Study

摘要 本申请的目的是为申请者提供培训，使其成为一名具有 调查性传播感染的社会文化条件的研究计划 (性传播感染)年轻黑人女性的风险。性传播感染被定义为可预防的传染病，如衣原体， 淋病、梅毒和生殖器疱疹，可通过性接触获得和传播。 每年有2000多万美国人染上性传播疾病，给医疗保健系统造成的损失约为16美元 十亿美元。从生物学角度讲，女性比男性更容易感染性病。每年每4名妇女中就有1人感染性病 使她们面临盆腔炎、不孕不育、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、新生儿发病率和死亡的风险。差一点 新诊断的性传播感染有一半发生在15至24岁的年轻人中。超过40%的受感染年轻人 女性在一年内至少有一次后续的性传播感染。这个年龄段的黑人女性比例不成比例 感染了性传播感染。黑人女性患淋病的可能性是男性的12倍，患淋病的可能性是黑人女性的5倍 接触衣原体的女性比白人女性多。黑人女性的后遗症可能性几乎是女性的三倍 性传播感染比其他种族/民族背景的妇女更多。包括黑人女性在内的大多数性传播感染研究 侧重于艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防，或者排除其他性传播感染，或者认为它们是艾滋病毒的次要因素。大多数STI 预防研究的重点是首次感染的初级预防，而不是妇女中的复发 以前被诊断为性传播感染，他们很有可能再次感染。有限的研究一直是 开展了关于预防复发性性传播感染的活动。了解社会文化条件， 影响性行为对于提供旨在减少性传播感染风险和复发的干预措施至关重要。 因此，拟议的扎根理论研究的目的是从 年轻黑人女性的观点解释了导致性传播感染风险的社会文化条件， 特别是对复发感染的风险。拟议的扎根理论研究将有助于制定 概念模型，基于对20到30名有性病病史的年轻黑人女性的采访数据，以 解释导致性传播感染风险的社会文化条件。培训助学金将支持课程作业，指导 学习、指导和资源，以实现为以下项目奠定基础的短期目标 研究的重点是年轻黑人女性的性传播感染预防。长期目标是发展以证据为基础的 预防有色人种妇女性传播感染的干预措施，包括但不限于黑人妇女。建议进行的研究 与《健康：促进健康和预防疾病》的NINR优先事项很好地保持一致，重点是 “致力于促进健康和预防疾病的护理科学….在少数族裔和服务不足的人群中。

Abstract The purpose of this application is to provide the applicant training to become an independent investigator with a research program that investigates the sociocultural conditions contributing to sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk of young Black women. STIs are defined as preventable communicable diseases, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and genital herpes that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual contact. Annually more than 20 million Americans contract STIs and cost the health care system approximately $16 billion. Women are biologically more susceptible to STIs than men. Each year 1 in 4 women contracts an STI placing them at risk for pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, HIV/AIDS, newborn morbidity, and death. Nearly half of newly diagnosed STIs occur in young people aged 15 to 24 years. More than 40% of infected young women have at least one subsequent STI within a year. Black females in this age group are disproportionately affected by STIs. Black women are twelve times more likely to contract gonorrhea and five times more likely to contact chlamydia than white women. Black women are nearly three times more likely to have a subsequent STI than women of other racial/ethnic backgrounds. The majority of STI research that includes Black women focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention and either excludes other STIs or considers them secondary to HIV. Most STI prevention studies focus on primary prevention of first infection, rather than recurrence among women previously diagnosed with STIs, who have a high likelihood of becoming re-infected. Limited research has been conducted on the prevention of recurring STIs. Gaining an understanding of the sociocultural conditions that influence sexual behavior is essential to inform interventions designed to reduce STI risk and recurrence. Thus, the purpose of the proposed grounded theory study is to develop a conceptual model from the perspectives of young Black women that explains the sociocultural conditions contributing to STI risk, specifically to the risk of recurrent infection. The proposed grounded theory study will facilitate development of a conceptual model, based on the interview data from 20 to 30 young Black women with a history of STIs, to explain the sociocultural conditions contributing to STI risk. The training grant will support coursework, directed study, mentorship, and resources to accomplish the short-term goal of building a foundation for a program of research focused on STI prevention in young Black women. The long-term goal is to develop evidence-based interventions to prevent STIs in women of color, including but not limited to Black women. The proposed study is well-aligned with the NINR priority of “Wellness: Promoting Health and Preventing Illness” by focusing on “nursing science that seeks to promote health and prevent illness….in minority and underserved populations.”