2021 State of the Environment Report Marine Chapter – Expert Assessment – State and Trend – Coral reefs (<30m)

《2021年环境状况报告》的海洋章节包含了从海洋数据流中开发的多个专家模板。该元数据记录描述了专家评估“珊瑚礁状况和趋势（30米）"。<br /> * 专家评估全文的PDF格式，包括图表（如有提供），可在本记录的“在线资源”部分下载，名称为“2021年专家评估-珊瑚礁（&lt;30米）"*<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------<br /> <br /> 生境/社区/专家评估程序说明<br /> 本评估涉及五个生物区的珊瑚礁（30米）的状况和趋势：i）圣诞节和科科斯群岛的近海领土，ii）东北部（包括大堡礁和珊瑚海），iii）北部（北领地），iv）西北部（包括金伯利，皮尔巴拉和宁格鲁地区）和v）温带东部（包括伊丽莎白和米德尔顿礁）。东南部和西南部区域的珊瑚礁未列入本评估。重点仅限于报告硬珊瑚覆盖的趋势，因为大多数区域都没有关于珊瑚多样性和组合结构变化的资料。关于其他与珊瑚礁有关的分类群的趋势的进一步资料，可查阅国家案例研究“澳大利亚不断变化的珊瑚礁”以及“大洋珊瑚礁”和“内大陆架（0-30米）-珊瑚礁鱼类”的评估。<br /> <br /> 用于专家评估的数据流<br /> 澳大利亚海洋科学研究所监测方案在大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国进行的照片断面和曼塔拖曳调查。潜水员在西澳拍摄的照片样方或样带，作为生物多样性、保护和吸引力部（DBCA）、澳大利亚海洋科学研究所（AIMS）、CSIRO海洋和大气、初级产业和区域发展部（DPIRD）、西澳大利亚大学海洋研究所、科廷大学分子和生命科学学院（Bentley，WA）的一部分，澳大利亚（1990-2020年）（总结见Gilmour et al. 2019）。作为评估基础的其他数据来自GBR、珊瑚海、北部、西北部和温带东部，这些数据来自潜水员在珊瑚礁生命调查中拍摄的照片样方，如案例研究澳大利亚不断变化的珊瑚礁所报告的那样。<br /> ----------------------------------------<br /> <br /> 2021年国有企业评估摘要[详细信息请参见随附的专家评估]<br /> <br /> · 2021 ·<br /> 评价等级：差<br /> 评估趋势：下降<br /> 置信度：充分<br /> 信心趋势：充足<br /> 可比性：等级和趋势与2016年评估相当<br /> · 2016 ·<br /> 评估等级：差-好<br /> 评估趋势：稳定-恶化<br /> 置信度：充足的高质量证据和高度共识<br /> 信心趋势：充足的高质量证据和高度共识<br /> 可比性：等级和趋势与2011年评估有一定可比性<br /> · 2011 ·<br /> 评价等级：良好<br /> 评估趋势：稳定<br /> 置信度：证据有限或共识有限<br /> 可信度趋势：证据有限或共识有限<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------<br /> <br /> 2016年以来的变化<br /> 这些评估与2016年大致相当。然而，西北部生物区目前正在下降，新的数据已可用于指导对温带东部生物区的评估。

The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "State and Trend of coral reefs (&lt;30m)". <br /> ***A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the "On-line Resources" section of this record as "EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Coral reefs (&lt;30m)"***<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------<br /> <br /> DESCRIPTION OF HABITAT/COMMUNITY/PROCESS FOR EXPERT ASSESSMENT<br /> This assessment relates to the state and trends of coral reefs (&lt;30m) in five bioregions: i) The Offshore Territories of Christmas and Cocos Islands, ii) North East (including the Great Barrier Reef and the Coral Sea), iii) the North (Northern Territory), iv) North West (including the Kimberley, Pilbara and Ningaloo regions) and v) the Temperate East (including Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs). Coral reefs in the South-east and South-west regions have not been included in this assessment. Emphasis is restricted to reporting the trends in hard coral cover, as information on changes to coral diversity and assemblage structure were unavailable for most regions. Further information on the trends in other reef-associated taxa can be found in the national case study ‘Australia’s changing reefs’ and assessments for ’Oceanic Reefs’ and ‘Inner shelf (0-30 m) - reef fish species’.<br /> <br /> DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT<br /> Photo transects and manta tow surveys undertaken in the GBR from the Australian Institute of Marine Science monitoring programs. Photo-quadrats or -transects taken by divers in WA as part of the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (DBCA), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), the Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia (1990-2020) (summarized in Gilmour et al. 2019). Additional data used as a basis for this assessment come from the GBR, Coral Sea, North, NW, and Temperate East from photo quadrats taken by divers as part of the Reef Life Survey, as reported in the case study Australia’s changing reefs.<br /> ----------------------------------------<br /> <br /> 2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]<br /> <br /> • 2021 •<br /> Assessment grade: Poor<br /> Assessment trend: Declining<br /> Confidence grade: Adequate<br /> Confidence trend: Adequate<br /> Comparability: Grade and trend comparable to 2016 assessment <br /> • 2016 •<br /> Assessment grade: Poor-Good<br /> Assessment trend: Stable -Deteriorating<br /> Confidence grade: Adequate high quality evidence and high level of consensus<br /> Confidence trend: Adequate high quality evidence and high level of consensus<br /> Comparability: Grade and trend are somewhat comparable to the 2011 assessment<br /> • 2011 •<br /> Assessment grade: Good<br /> Assessment trend: Stable<br /> Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus<br /> Confidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus<br /> <br /> ----------------------------------------<br /> <br /> CHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT<br /> The assessments are largely comparable to 2016. Declines are now occurring in the NW bioregion, however, and new data has become available to guide assessments about the Temperate East bioregion.