Photonics in microelectronic and biological applications

光子学在各个研究领域的贡献越来越大。本提案中描述的两个光子应用是在眼科显微外科和微电子领域。飞秒激光器广泛用于微加工，因为这些超短脉冲系统可以实现非常干净和精确的切割。这种精确的消融现在被转移到透明介质的表面和亚表面应用，如眼睛的显微外科手术。例如，通过在角膜基质内产生微等离子体，有可能在保持前层完整的情况下实现组织内部的切割效果。这种切割效果是由伴随等离子体介导消融的空化产生的。但是切口需要大量的脉冲，连续的脉冲会被早期脉冲产生的空化气泡散射。本研究的目的是优化激光条件（波长，能量），以最大限度地减少这种散射，以实现这些空化泡的最小间距，从而实现最有效的切口。硅是微电子工业的首选材料。在全硅矩阵上集成光电子元件将大大简化光电子器件的概念和制造，例如，通过用光学连接代替电气连接，可以使计算机运行得更快。但硅是一种弱光发射器；它的间接带隙阻碍了辐射跃迁。然而，硅纳米结构（Si-nc）可以发光，并且正在探索几种与微电子工业中使用的工艺兼容的工艺，以生产具有定制发光特性的Si-nc。广泛的研究正在进行，以更好地了解纳米晶体的生产和生长的基本机制。本研究的目标是最大化发射和塑造发光光谱。

Photonics is contributing more and more in different fields of research. The two photonics applications described in this proposal are in the fields of ophthalmic micro-surgery and microelectronics. Femtosecond lasers are extensively used for micro-machining because of the very clean and precise cut that is possible with these ultrashort pulse systems. This precise ablation is now being transposed to transparent media for surface but also sub-surface applications such as micro-surgery of the eye. For example, by generating micro-plasmas inside the corneal stroma, it is possible to achieve a cutting effect inside the tissue while leaving the anterior layers intact. This cutting effect is produced by a cavitation that accompanies plasma-mediated ablation. But incisions require a large number of pulses with the successive pulses being scattered by the cavitation bubbles produced by earlier pulses. The object of this research is to optimize the laser conditions (wavelength, energy) to minimize this scattering to achieve the closest spacing of these cavitation bubbles and thus the most efficient incision. Silicon is the material of choice in the microelectronic industry. The integration of optoelectronic components on an all Si matrix would considerably simplify the conception and fabrication of optoelectronic devices, allowing, for example, computers to operate faster by replacing electrical connections with optical ones. But Si is a poor light emitter; its indirect band gap impedes radiative transitions. However, Si nanostructures (Si-nc) can emit light and several processes, compatible with those used in the micro-electronics industry, are being explored in order to produce Si-nc with tailored luminescent properties. Extensive studies are being carried out to better understand the basic mechanisms of nanocrystal production and growth. The goal of this research is to maximize emission and shape the luminescence spectrum.