BARD - biological detoxification of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) to improve safety of animal feed and food

真菌毒素对动物和人类有很高的毒性。它们广泛存在于农业初级商品中，使其控制成为一个具有全球重要性的问题。腐霉烯脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON，vomitoxin）是谷物中最常见的真菌毒素污染物之一，由镰刀菌属的成员产生。DON对消费者构成健康风险并损害牲畜性能，因为它会导致拒食、恶心、呕吐、腹泻、溶血作用和细胞损伤。单端孢霉烯耐高温蒸煮，也耐化学和物理方法的破坏，因此生物方法是最有希望的解毒办法。Tri 101基因来自F. graminearum编码二萜烯3-O-乙酰基转移酶，其将二萜烯转化为毒性较小的中间体。以色列科学家（R。Shapira）从镰刀菌中分离出该基因，并将其转化到干酪乳杆菌的益生菌菌株中。将过表达的转化体与二孢噻吩T-2一起孵育导致T-2的3-O-乙酰基衍生物的产生，其对酵母细胞的毒性显著低于DON。周博士在AAFC（圭尔夫）的研究团队分离出一种能够有效解毒DON的鸡肠道细菌。在圭尔夫大学，我们开发了用抗F基因转化玉米的方法。禾谷早熟禾我们建议通过生产表达Tri 101基因的转化植物和益生菌微生物，并将这些试剂掺入动物饲料中，从而使多孢霉素解毒。该项目有望为开发针对饲料和食品中霉菌毒素的创新、高度特异性和安全的去污方法铺平道路，从而防止霉菌毒素对加拿大和以色列公共卫生的负面影响。拟议的工作将结合联合收割机在以色列和加拿大的专业知识，从微生物中分离真菌毒素解毒基因，在微生物和植物中表达解毒基因，并通过动物饲养研究评估解毒治疗的有效性。这是一个独特的机会，可以将联合收割机的专门知识结合起来，解决具有全球影响的问题。

Mycotoxins are highly toxic to animals and humans. Their presence in agricultural commodities is widespread, making their control a problem of global importance. The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of grains, is produced by members of the Fusarium genus. DON poses a health risk to consumers and impairs livestock performance because it causes feed refusal, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic effects and cellular injury. Trichothecenes are resistant to high cooking temperatures, as well as to chemical and physical methods of destruction, leaving biological approaches to their detoxification as the most promising solution. The Tri101 gene from F. graminearum encodes trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase, which converts trichothecenes into less toxic intermediates. Israeli scientists (R. Shapira) isolated the gene from Fusarium and transformed it into a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. Incubation of the over-expressing transformants with the trichothecene T-2 resulted in production of the 3-O-acetyl derivative of T-2, which is significantly less toxic to yeast cells than DON. Dr. Zhou's research team at AAFC (Guelph) isolated a chicken gut bacterium that can effectively detoxify DON. At the University of Guelph, we developed methods for transforming corn with genes for resistance to F. graminearum. We propose to detoxify trichothecenes by producing transformed plants and probiotic microorganisms expressing the Tri101 gene and incorporating these agents into feeds for animals. The project is expected to pave the way to the development of innovative, highly specific and safe decontamination methods for mycotoxins in feeds and food products, thus preventing the negative impact of mycotoxins on public health in Canada and Israel. The proposed work would combine expertise in Israel and Canada in isolating mycotoxin detoxifying genes from microorganisms, expressing the detoxifying genes in microbes and plants and evaluating the effectiveness of the detoxification treatments  with animal feeding studies. It represents a unique opportunity to combine expertise to address a problem that has global implications.