Drinking water strategies for small-scale systems: Avoiding unintended consequences of water regulations

小型系统的饮用水策略：避免水法规带来的意外后果

• 批准号: 336576-2006
• 负责人: Gagnon, Graham
• 金额: $ 10.95万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=341193
• 关键词: Drinking; water; strategies; small; scale

Smaller communities in Canada are faced with significant challenges in providing safe drinking water to consumers.  These challenges stem from the fact that the technical and financial resources needed to provide high quality drinking water to consumers are often not available to small water providers.  As a result, the drinking water quality in small communities often does not consistently meet existing Canadian Drinking Water Quality (CDWQ) guidelines, and likely cannot meet increasingly stringent guidelines that encompass emerging contaminants that either consist of compounds that are present in the raw source water or consist of by-products that are formed within current treatment regimes.  Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are one such group of emerging contaminants for which CDWQ guidelines are currently in the developmental stages by Health Canada and the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water.  Preliminary studies have indicated that existing drinking water systems in many small communities across Canada will not be able to meet the increasingly stringent CDWQ guidelines for certain emerging contaminants like HAAs.  Therefore, key strategies may need to be developed to improve NOM removal in the plant or switch secondary disinfectants from free chlorine to chloramines.  This project will investigate both of these treatment approaches, as either could result in a positive result for mitigating HAA formation but result in an unintended water quality change (i.e., formation of other disinfectant by-products or increased occurrence of ammonia oxidizing bacteria).  This research program will focus on identifying cost-effective and practically feasible strategies that can be used to ensure high quality drinking water is delivered to consumers in small communities.

加拿大的小型社区在向消费者提供安全饮用水方面面临着巨大的挑战。这些挑战源于这样一个事实，即向消费者提供高质量饮用水所需的技术和财政资源往往不属于小型供水商。因此，小型社区的饮用水质量往往不符合现有的加拿大饮用水质量（CDWQ）指南，并且可能无法满足日益严格的指南，该指南涵盖了由原水源水中存在的化合物组成或由当前处理方案中形成的副产物组成的新兴污染物。卤乙酸（哈斯）就是这样一组新兴污染物，加拿大卫生部和联邦-省-卫生部目前正在制定CDWQ指南。饮用水领土委员会。初步研究表明，加拿大许多小社区现有的饮用水系统将无法满足越来越严格的CDWQ指南，用于某些新出现的污染物，如哈斯。因此，可能需要制定关键策略，以改善工厂中NOM的去除或将二级消毒剂从游离氯转换为氯胺。本项目将研究这两种处理方法，因为任何一种都可能导致减少HAA形成的积极结果但导致非预期的水质变化（即，这项研究计划将侧重于确定具有成本效益和实际可行的战略，可用于确保向小社区的消费者提供高质量的饮用水。