Flocks, herds and schools - the roles of individuals in distributed sensor systems

羊群、牛群和学校——分布式传感器系统中个体的角色

• 批准号: 157751-2007
• 负责人: Hornsey, Richard
• 金额: $ 2.58万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362308
• 关键词: Flocks; herds; schools; roles; individuals

Highly distributed 'swarm' systems have the attraction to engineers that the whole exceeds the sum of the parts, that is, that the collective behaviour of the swarm is more complex and useful than that of each member of the swarm.  Studies have shown that simple rules followed by the individual lead to the complex 'societies' demonstrated in the natural world by, for example, ants and termites. In addition to spatial distribution, such approaches provide robustness, redundancy, and in particular parallel information processing. In the engineering context, mass production of electronic and opto-electronic devices has made systems comprising hundreds or thousands of individual elements both technically and economically feasible. This project builds on the extensive experience of York University's Vision Sensor Research (VISOR) Laboratory in distributed systems, in particular the acquisition and integrated processing of image information. Examples include space-based meta-arrays of sensors and the current work on electronic compound eyes and other distributed sensor systems.The goal of the proposed project is to develop and implement on-chip, sensor-level and system-level techniques for dynamic optimisation of system resource allocation based on the scene and other dynamically changing environmental influences. Resources here refer to sensor selection, resolution, speed, data reduction and analysis, as well as communication methods, bandwidth, etc. To do this we will exploit concepts from natural systems, such as flocks of birds, schools of fish, or termite colonies. In particular, we need to understand how to develop simple behavioural rules for individual sensors which lead to a desired collective behaviour of the system that are practical for engineering applications. The  proposed research will develop technology valuable for ultra-low-power imaging systems-on-chip, biomedical applications, nano- and pico-satellites, and portable consumer products.

高度分布的“群体”系统对工程师的吸引力在于整体超过部分的总和，也就是说，群体的集体行为比群体中每个成员的行为更复杂和有用。研究表明，个体遵循的简单规则导致了自然界中复杂的“社会”，例如蚂蚁和白蚁。除了空间分布之外，这种方法还提供鲁棒性、冗余性，并且特别是并行信息处理。在工程背景下，电子和光电器件的大规模生产已经使得包括数百或数千个单独元件的系统在技术上和经济上都是可行的。该项目建立在约克大学视觉传感器研究（VISOR）实验室在分布式系统，特别是图像信息的采集和集成处理的广泛经验。例子包括基于空间的传感器元阵列和电子复眼和其他分布式传感器systems.The拟议项目的目标是开发和实施片上，传感器级和系统级技术的动态优化系统资源分配的基础上的场景和其他动态变化的环境影响。这里的资源指的是传感器的选择，分辨率，速度，数据简化和分析，以及通信方法，带宽等，要做到这一点，我们将利用自然系统的概念，如鸟群，鱼群或白蚁群。特别是，我们需要了解如何为单个传感器开发简单的行为规则，从而导致工程应用中实用的系统的期望集体行为。拟议的研究将开发对超低功耗片上成像系统、生物医学应用、纳米和微微卫星以及便携式消费产品有价值的技术。