High energy processes in astrophysics

天体物理学中的高能过程

• 批准号: 38722-2007
• 负责人: Leahy, Denis
• 金额: $ 2.57万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362306
• 关键词: energy; processes; astrophysics

High energy processes can be studied by studying neutron stars. Neutron stars are numerous in our galaxy and are significant generators of high energy particles and radiation. This is due to their strong magnetic fields (up to several thousand billion Gauss), strong gravity, and fast spin rates (up to 600 times per second). Observations of high energy radiation from neutron stars are carried out using x-ray telescopes in Earth orbit. These are then compared to theory by means of making computer models of the gas, radiation,gravity, and magnetic fields around the neutron star. The observations are of enough detail that the properties of the neutron star and its environment can be deduced from the models. For example, in the binary system Hercules X-1, the accretion disk shape has only been recently understood, and the pre-eclipse dips are not understood, so are currently being investigated: this is inspiring new theoretical work. In addition to neutron stars, observational consequences of quark stars are being studied with possible applications to soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGR), anomalous X-ray pulsars (XRP) and gamma-ray bursts (GRB).Another location where high energy processes are important is in a supernova remnant: the stellar ejecta, hot cavity and outer dense shell produced after a massive star explodes. A few hundred to several thousand years after the explosion a supernova remnant of a few to tens of lightyears across shines brightly in radiowaves and x-rays. The properties of supernova remnants are now being much better understood using new observations with radio telescopes and x-ray telescopes. Only with the latest x-ray telescopes have the instruments been good enough to get detailed information on the properties of the million degree hot gas and of the relativistic particles which also emit x-rays. Modeling of physical processes in supernova remnants is leading to a new understanding of these objects, and also of the gas and relativistic particles in our galaxy.

高能过程可以通过研究中子星来研究。中子星在我们的银河系中数量众多，是高能粒子和辐射的重要发电机。这是由于它们的强磁场（高达数千亿高斯）、强引力和快速旋转速率（高达每秒600次）。利用地球轨道上的X射线望远镜对中子星的高能辐射进行观测。然后通过制作中子星星周围的气体、辐射、重力和磁场的计算机模型，将这些理论与理论进行比较。观测结果足够详细，可以从模型中推断出中子星星及其环境的性质。例如，在武仙座X-1的双星系统中，吸积盘的形状直到最近才被理解，而日食前的倾角还没有被理解，所以目前正在研究：这是启发新的理论工作。除了中子星之外，夸克星的观测结果也在研究之中，可能应用于软伽马射线中继器（SGR）、反常X射线散射器（XRP）和伽马射线暴（GRB）。另一个高能过程很重要的地方是超新星遗迹：大质量星星爆炸后产生的恒星喷出物、热腔和外层致密壳层。爆炸后几百到几千年，一个几到几十光年宽的超新星遗迹在无线电波和x射线中发出明亮的光芒。超新星遗迹的性质现在通过射电望远镜和x射线望远镜的新观测得到了更好的理解。只有使用最新的x射线望远镜，这些仪器才足以获得关于百万度高温气体和相对论粒子的详细信息，这些粒子也发射x射线。对超新星遗迹中的物理过程进行建模，有助于我们对这些天体以及银河系中的气体和相对论粒子有新的认识。