Radio fingerprinting support for pervasive environments

普适计算将通信和计算嵌入到环境中，使人们能够随时随地与信息进行交互。我们将研究使用无线指纹的环境WiFi和移动的电话网络，以解决普及计算的两个关键挑战：（i）使安全的自发通信设备之间的紧密接近;（ii）实现准确的室内定位。 无线电指纹识别是一种记录给定位置处的无线电环境特征的技术，例如在特定位置处听到的一组无线电源的信号强度。这项提议利用了关于无线电指纹性质的两个关键观察结果。首先，由于环境因素，在给定位置处由移动终端感知的无线电指纹随时间随机变化。其次，虽然给定位置处的指纹随时间波动，但在相距几米的位置处采集的指纹之间的差异要大得多。该提议利用第一观察，以通过从无线电信道的时间和位置特定波动导出共享秘密来实现紧密接近的设备之间的安全自发通信，并且利用第二观察来实现准确的室内定位。 安全的自发通信将使广泛的应用成为可能，例如使消费者能够使用他们的手机在商店购买食品或在火车站买票。它还将使用户更容易利用环境中可用的普遍技术，例如，允许用户将她的移动的电话与公共全尺寸显示器和键盘配对。准确的室内定位将使建筑物内导航和对等体之间的协调等应用成为可能，并将成为基于位置的服务的催化剂，如推荐系统和基于位置的搜索。最后，它将有助于定位911电话，在那里准确的位置信息可以决定生死。

Pervasive computing embeds communications and computation into the environment to enable people to interact with information anywhere and at any time. We will research the use of radio fingerprinting of ambient WiFi and mobile phone networks to address two key challenges in pervasive computing: (i) enabling secure spontaneous communication between devices in close proximity; and (ii) enabling accurate indoor localization.   Radio fingerprinting is a technique that records characteristics of the radio environment at a given location, such as the signal strengths of a group of radio sources that are heard at a specific location. This proposal takes advantage of two key observations about the nature of radio fingerprints. First, due to environmental factors, the radio fingerprint perceived by a mobile device at a given location varies randomly over time. Second, while the fingerprint at a given location fluctuates over time, the difference between fingerprints taken at locations that are a few meters apart is much larger. This proposal takes advantage of the first observation to enable secure spontaneous communication between devices in close proximity by deriving a shared secret from time and location specific fluctuations of the  radio channel,  and exploits the second observation to enable accurate indoor localization.   Secure spontaneous communication will make possible a wide range of applications, such as enabling consumers to use their cell phones to pay for groceries at a store or tickets at a train station. It will also make it easier for a user to take advantage of pervasive technology available in the environment by, for example, allowing a user to pair her mobile phone to a public full-sized display and keyboard. Accurate indoor localization will make possible applications such as in-building navigation and coordination between peers, and will be a catalyst for location-based services, such as recommendation systems and location-based search. Finally, it will assist in locating 911 calls where accurate location information can make the difference between life and death.