Non-noble catalysts for PEM fuel cells

PEM 燃料电池用非贵金属催化剂

• 批准号: 350467-2007
• 负责人: Dahn, Jeffrey
• 金额: $ 8.21万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=363930
• 关键词: Non; noble; catalysts; PEM; fuel

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) hold promise as power supplies for zero emission vehiclesand as sources of stationary power. Canada has a strong presence in PEMFC research, development andmanufacturing. Nevertheless, there still remain significant barriers to the production and use of low-cost fuelcells. One of these is the high cost and limited lifetime of noble metal catalysts (primarily Pt) presently used inthe fuel cell. There has been an intense world-wide search for non-noble metal alternatives to Pt over the lastfew years, of which we have been a part. Transition-metal-carbon-nitrogen (TM-C-N) materials have beenidentified that are promising as replacements for Pt.This research project focuses on the search for and understanding of non-noble metal catalysts, primarilyTM-C-N, for the PEMFC using the techniques of Combinatorial and High Throughput Materials Science(CMS) where many different materials are synthesized and tested in a single experiment. Our laboratory hasbuild up a significant CMS infrastructure using investments from CFI, NSRIT and NSERC. For the last threeyears, beginning with virtually no prior experience, under a Strategic Project grant, we have been investigatingnon-noble metal catalysts (NNMC) using CMS along with collaborators at 3M and 3M Canada. We are thefirst laboratory to produce highly active NNMC as sputtered thin-films. We have developed significantexpertise and understanding of these systems which has been disseminated.Many questions regarding these catalysts remain, some of which must be answered before commercialviability is possible. What is the catalytic site? What is the catalytic mechanism? Are the numerous"different" TM-C-N NNMC prepared by numerous groups around the world actually one and the same? Howdurable are these catalysts - that is will they last long enough for fuel cell applications? Can better NNMCcatalysts be found? This proposal addresses these issues.

聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（PEMFC）有望成为零排放汽车的电源和固定电源。加拿大在PEMFC的研究、开发和制造方面拥有强大的实力。然而，低成本燃料电池的生产和使用仍然存在重大障碍。其中之一是目前用于燃料电池的贵金属催化剂（主要是铂）成本高，寿命有限。在过去的几年里，全世界都在积极寻找铂的非贵金属替代品，我们也参与了其中。过渡金属-碳-氮（TM-C-N）材料已经被确定为pt的替代品。本研究项目的重点是寻找和理解非贵金属催化剂，主要是TM-C-N，用于PEMFC，使用组合和高通量材料科学（CMS）技术，在单个实验中合成和测试许多不同的材料。我们的实验室利用CFI， NSRIT和NSERC的投资建立了一个重要的CMS基础设施。在过去的三年里，在几乎没有任何经验的情况下，在战略项目资助下，我们与3M和3M加拿大的合作者一起使用CMS研究非贵金属催化剂（NNMC）。我们是第一个以溅射薄膜形式生产高活性NNMC的实验室。我们已经发展了重要的专业知识和对这些系统的理解，并已传播开来。关于这些催化剂的许多问题仍然存在，其中一些问题必须在实现商业可行性之前得到解答。催化位点是什么？催化机理是什么？世界各地众多团体所准备的众多“不同”TM-C-N NNMC实际上是同一种吗？这些催化剂的耐用性如何——也就是说，它们是否能在燃料电池应用中持续足够长的时间？能找到更好的nnmc催化剂吗？本提案解决了这些问题。